Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
is shown in
Figure 4.1
. As the contact angle increases, the more hydrophobic the
surface becomes, and the macrofouling decreases.
Table 4.3 Biofouling data (micro and macro fouling) after one year of immersion of
various polymers and composites in surface waters of the Bay of Bengal, South India
Name
of the
polymer
Fouling
load
(mg/cm
2
)
TSS
(mg/cm
2
)
Protein
(mg/cm
2
)
Carbohydrate
(mg/cm
2
)
Chlorophyll
a (µg/cm
2
)
Barnacle
(Number/
plate)
Polychaetes
(Number/
plate)
SR
36.38 ±
0.63
24.40 ±
2.40
1.02 ± 0.14
0.54 ± 0.04
0.54
0.3 ±
0.20
4.0 ± 2.30
PU
100.58 ±
35.18
28.50 ± 4.1
1.15 ± 0.25
0.48 ± 0.02
0.519
14.3 ±
5.9
10.3 ± 2.1
PET
134.07 ±
46.90
29.40 ± 1.1
1.25 ± 0.03
0.63 ± 0.04
0.6
11.7 ±
5.0
5.7 ± 2.1
SF
163.80 ±
28.26
28.40 ± 1.5
1.32 ± 0.07
0.67 ± 0.02
0.625
17.0 ±
3.0
8.7 ± 3.8
GFRP
164.62 ±
36.25
25.20 ± 3.5
0.97 ± 0.40
0.51 ± 0.10
0.867
23.7 ±
9.1
3.7 ± 1.5
CFRP
203.23 ±
38.70
27.5 ± 3.5
1.13 ± 0.04
0.63 ± 0.03
0.467
17.0 ±
5.7
12.5 ± 3.5
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
40
50
60
70
Contact angle
80
90
100
110
Figure 4.1
Number of macrofoulers at the end of three days placement, on
polyvinyl chloride, PP, HDPE, PC, GFRP, Telon
®
, SF, acrylic, silicone, PU,
polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyester (correlation coeficient = 0.60)
