Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
SF
September
112.04 ± 15.82
88.09 ± 7.4
38.3 ± 29.5
9.3 ± 0.6
November
49.91 ± 3.48
6.47 ± 1.3
4.3 ± 1.0
24.3 ± 6.0
January
144.53 ± 44.91
16.98 ± 0.9
7.0 ± 3.0
3.0 ± 2.6
March
72.91 ± 20.22
11.90 ± 1.4
3.3 ± 3.1
4.7 ± 3.2
May
125.00 ± 21.52
30.30 ± 3.1
13.0 ± 7.8
17.3 ± 13.0
July
163.80 ± 28.26
28.40 ± 1.5
17.0 ± 3.0
8.7 ± 3.8
GFRP
September
49.42 ± 10.21
45.31 ± 10.28
43.3 ± 19.6
36.7 ± 3.2
November
45.42 ± 5.51
4.80 ± 0.53
2.7 ± 0.6
44.0 ± 16.4
January
78.51 ± 48.72
16.02 ± 0.8
7.0 ± 4.6
2.3 ± 1.2
March
74.60 ± 23.35
15.23 ± 2.7
1.0 ± 1.0
10.3 ± 7.4
May
64.38 ± 9.98
23.42 ± 1.8
13.7 ± 7.4
12.7 ± 7.3
July
164.62 ± 36.25
25.20 ± 3.5
23.7 ± 9.1
3.7 ± 1.5
CFRP
September
79.51 ± 19.09
54.93 ± 14.0
44.3 ± 19.1
25.0 ± 8.7
November
45.00 ± 0.01
5.53 ± 0.0
3.0 ± 0.0
20.0 ± 0.0
January
116.04 ± 45.72
16.24 ± 0.9
5.0 ± 0.0
3.3 ± 0.6
March
May
July
203.23 ± 38.70
27.5 ± 3.5
17.0 ± 5.7
12.5 ± 3.5
TSS: Total suspended solids
4.4 Effect of Material Properties
Stiffness of the material plays a role in attachment. The maximum number of barnacles
was seen on a stiff surface such as GFRP (23.7/plate) and the minimum number was
seen on a lexible surface such as SR (0.3/plate) ( Table 4.3 ).
Biofouling of material submerged in the marine environment is initially mostly
governed by the surface properties of the virgin material and the bacteria rather than
the biological processes. These polymers once placed in the marine environment are
irst covered by the conditioning ilm [16, 17]. This is followed by the attachment of
microfoulers and macrofoulers. Microfoulers in turn, based on the season, affect the
attachment of macrofoulers [18]. The settlement of bryozoans and barnacles on the
surface of the polymers differ depending upon the study period [19]. The number of
macrofoulers attached on various synthetic surfaces (polymers and composites) as
a function of contact angle (an indication of the hydrophilic nature of the surface)
 
 
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