Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
The spatial resolution required for this type of analysis is on the order of a
nanometer and is only obtained in a TEM/STEM microscope equipped with a
FEG or a dedicated STEM. In STEM mode, spectrum-image mode can be used,
which records both the spectrum and image for the full area analyzed. This results
in the formation of chemical and spectroscopic image information along an entire
interface.
10 Structural Analyses Under Special Conditions
Two types of analyses can be made: in situ analyses and cryomicroscopic analyses.
10.1 In Situ Analyses
This type of analysis is used to investigate the behavior of a material subjected to
different stresses: irradiation, temperature rise or decrease, tension, etc.
10.1.1 At Room Temperature
-
Under irradiation by high-energy electrons
(from 400 to 1,200 keV) to study the
dynamics or stability of a system (atomic displacement, phase formation, growth
and crystallization, etc.).
-
Under medium- and high-energy ion irradiation
to investigate the dynamics
or stability of a system (atomic displacement, phase formation, growth and
crystallization, etc.).
10.1.2 At High Temperatures
The in situ handling of samples at high temperatures requires the use of a specific
specimen holder. The temperature limit reaches 1,273 K. These experiments require
the use of washers or support grids designed for high temperatures.
High temperature in situ experiments also apply to studies under irradiation
and those conducted under mechanical stress (investigations of stability, phase
transformation, mechanical behavior, growth, etc.).
-
Under irradiation by high-energy electrons
in order to study the dynamics
or stability of a system (atomic displacement, phase formation, growth and
crystallization, etc.).
-
Under medium- and high-energy electron irradiation
to investigate the dynam-
ics or stability of a system (atomic displacement, phase formation, growth and
crystallization, etc.).
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