Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
a
b
Static jointness: NCO=b IF CO>0
Positive jointness: NCO=a*CO
60
50
45
50
40
35
40
30
25
30
20
20
15
10
10
5
0
0
123456789
10
11
0510
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Commodity Output (Arbitrary Units)
Commodity Output (Arbitrary Units)
NCO=0.3*CO
NCO=1.1*CO
NCO=20 IF CO>0
NCO=50 IF CO>0
c
d
Positive and negative (quadratic) jointness:
NCO=a*CO+(-c*CO^2)
Negative jointness: NCO=b+(-a*CO)
90
12
80
10
70
60
8
50
6
40
30
4
20
2
10
0
0
0510
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0510
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Commodity Output (Arbitrary Units)
Commodity Output (Arbitrary Units)
NCO=0.6*CO+(-0.01*CO^2)
NCO=0.8*CO+(-0.015*CO^2)
NCO=80+(-0.2*CO)
NCO=80+(-0.8*CO)
Negative jointness breaching an ecological threshold
at <60 NCO (Arbitray Units):
NCO=b+(-a*CO) IF NCO >
x;
NCO=0 IF NCO <
x
e
f
Negative and positive (quadratic) jointness:
NCO=b+(-a*CO)+(c*CO^2)
120
90
80
100
70
80
60
50
60
40
40
30
20
20
10
0
0
0510
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0510
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Commodity Output (Arbitrary Units)
Commodity Output (Arbitrary Units)
NCO=80+(-0.09*CO)+(0.02*CO^2)
NCO=80+(-2.1*CO)+(0.05*CO^2)
NCO=80+(-0.8*CO) IFNCO>60
NCO=80+(-2.1*CO) IFNCO>60
Fig. 2.1
Hypothetical strong and weak jointness between commodity and non-commodity outputs:
(
a
) positive; (
b
) static; (
c
) negative; (
d
) positive and negative; (
e
) negative and positive; (
f
) negative
breaching an ecological threshold
