Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 8.2
Farming intensity according to the share of agriculture in total employment in FADN
regions in the EU12, 1990 (output per hectare in current euro) (Own calculations based on FADN)
Farming intensity as% of national intensity
National
share
agriculture
in total
employment
(%)
<3%
3-8%
8-15%
15-25%
>25%
National
farming
intensity
(€/ha)
Type with share
agriculture in total
employment →
Belgium
-
100
-
-
-
3.2
4,130
Denmark
-
100
-
-
-
5.5
2,601
Germany
119
97
-
-
-
4.4
2,558
Greece
-
-
106
-
98
22.4
2,106
Spain
-
131
112
77
295
10.8
888
France
101
91
106
-
-
5.3
1,814
Ireland
-
100
-
-
14.5
761
Italy
175
118
90
64
-
7.3
2,429
Luxembourg
-
100
-
-
-
3.2
1,877
The Netherlands
-
100
-
-
-
4.8
8,120
Portugal
-
184
-
89
-
15.6
821
UK
144
48
-
-
-
2.1
1,050
EU12
106
122
88
47
116
6.0
1,841
'-' Denotes that the type does not exist
share of agriculture in employment consists of about 40% of the French regions.
These regions are characterized by a relatively high share of permanent crop farms
with a rather high farming intensity.
In contrast to the urban-rural typology and the LFA typology, where regions
belong to the same type in both 1990 and 2003, in the typology based on the share
of employment in agriculture regions could move from one type to another type.
This is due to the properties of the differentiating characteristics on which the
typologies are based: population density and the share of LFA farms tend to be rather
stable over time, whereas the share of agriculture in total employment tends to
decline. So in 2003, a shift can be perceived towards more regions in types with a
lower share of agriculture in employment relative to 1990. On the whole, this
reflects economic development. From the nine countries tested in 2003, it appears
that the hypothesis is supported in Germany, Spain, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal
and the UK, and rejected in Finland and Sweden (Table
8.3
). In Greece and Italy,
however, there is an interruption of the general trend due to a type with only one
region: Makedonia-Thraki in the type 15-25% in Greece and Calabria in the type
15-25% in Italy. Makedonia-Thraki is characterized by a relatively low share of
permanent crops, which explains its low intensity, whereas Calabria has a relatively
high share of permanent crops, which explains its high intensity. In contrast to 1990,
the hypothesis is supported in Spain and France in 2003. In Spain this is due to the
shift of the 'outlier' Galicia to a group with many other regions, which average out the
specific properties of this region; in France this is due to a shift of a quite large group
of regions towards the type <3%, in which the share of permanent and horticultural
farms increases from 11% in 1990 to 30% in 2003. The rejection of the hypothesis
