Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 8.1
Farming intensity in FADN regions in the EU15, 1990 and 2003 (output per hectare in
current euro) (Own calculations based on FADN)
1990
2003
National
average
National
average
As % of national average
As % of national average
Most
rural
Intermediate
rural
Most
urban
Most
rural
Intermediate
rural
Most
urban
(€/ha)
(€/ha)
Belgium
-
-
100
4,130
-
-
100
3,985
Denmark
-
100
-
2,601
-
100
-
2,750
Germany
-
97
114
2,558
51
100
112
2,186
Greece
110
95
2,106
115
93
2,533
Spain
61
98
233
888
53
109
183
1,246
France
95
119
106
1,814
94
127
106
1,649
Ireland
-
100
-
761
-
100
-
811
Italy
39
95
161
2,429
40
91
166
3,247
Luxembourg
-
100
-
1,877
-
100
-
1,643
The Netherlands
-
-
100
8,120
-
-
100
9,719
Austria
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
-
100
-
2,012
Portugal
37
147
-
821
47
143
-
925
Finland
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
100
-
-
1,256
Sweden
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
114
96
-
1,300
UK
-
69
149
1,050
-
75
132
1,193
EU12/15
79
87
170
1,841
69
92
176
1,980
'-' Denotes that the type does not exist
The use of current prices does not allow for comparisons of the absolute level of
farming intensity between 1990 and 2003. As a result of inflation, one might
expect that output in current euro per hectare in 2003 exceeds that in 1990.
Nevertheless, in a number of countries, like Belgium and Germany, output in
current euro per hectare in 2003 is below that in 1990. Likely, the decrease in real
prices of agricultural products is not offset by higher physical outputs per hectare
in these countries.
Hypothesis 2 Farming in regions with a relatively high share of employment in
agriculture tends to be less intensive than farming in regions with a
relatively low share of employment in agriculture.
Nine EU15 Member States appear to have regions in different types derived from
the share of agriculture in total employment. For the seven countries tested in 1990
(Finland and Sweden were excluded as they were not a Member of the EU), the
hypothesis is supported in Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal and the UK, and
rejected in Spain and France (Table
8.2
). In these latter countries, regions with
the highest share of agriculture in total employment have the highest farming
intensity. In Spain, there is only one region in the group with the highest share
of agriculture in employment: Galicia. Agriculture in this region is composed of
dairy cattle farming and beef and mixed cattle, which are both characterized by a
relatively high farming intensity. In France, the group of regions with the highest
