Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABlE 5.2
Summary of Material-Biomaterial Properties Applicable for the Selection of Dental
Implants
Iron Alloy (316LSS
Fe-Cr-Ni Wrought
Condition)
Unalloyed
Titanium
(I-IV)
Wrought
Condition
Titanium
Alloy
(Ti6A14V)
Wrought
Condition
Cobalt
Alloy
(Co-Cr-Mo
Cast
Condition)
Cold
Worked
Properties
Annealed
Density (g/cc)
4.5
4.6
8.3
7.9
7.9
Yield strength (ys)
MPa
(ksi)
170-485
(25-70)
795-827
(115-120)
490
(71)
240-300
(35-44)
700-800
(102-116)
Ultimate tensile
strength (UTS)
MPa
(ksi)
250-550
(35-80)
860-896
(125-130)
690
(100)
600-700
(87-102)
1000
(145)
Elastic modulus (e)
GPa
(ksi x 10
3
)
96
(14)
105-117
(15-17)
200
(29)
200
(29)
200
(29)
Endurance limit
(fatigue)
MPa
(ksi x 10
3
)
Elongation (%)
170-240
(24.6-35)
10-15
300
(43)
8
300
(43)
8
230-280
(33.3-40.6)
7-22
15-24
TABlE 5.3
General Classification and Description of Surface Modifications for Surgical
Implant Biomaterial
Classification
Condition
Comments
As Processed
Machined, cast, polished, molded,
compacted, sintered, anodized, hot
isostatically pressed (hipped) coined
Processed specific to metallic,
ceramic and polymeric biomaterials
(Al
2
O
3
, titanium, CaPO
4
)
Addition
Sprayed (plasma or flame), deposit
from solution, deposit from plasma
vapor, irregular molding, sintering
of particles, anodized and electron
beam assisted deposition (ebad)
Very technique-dependent,
standards about properties
Subtraction
Acid and dual acid etching, laser
ablation, ion milling, blasting,
sputtering
Variable micro- and nano-
topographics and chemistries
Al
2
O
3
, CaPO
4
, SiO
2
and TiO
2
and amount of tissue integration along dental implant interfaces with bone?
The answer of course can be yes or no, depending on conditions during heal-
ing and longer-term function. Studies have shown that all surfaces will show
fibrous connective tissue under conditions of micromotions (>100 microm-
eters) during initial healing. Comparisons of surface oxides for alloys have
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