Biomaterials, Dental Materials, and Device Retrieval and Analysis - Biomaterials Science: An Integrated Clinical and Engineering Approach - page 128

FIGuRE 5.3
Examples of subperiosteal dental implants received for investigation. (From Lemons, in
Anusavice et al. (eds), Phillips' Science of Dental Materials , 12 ed., Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA)
to investigate the details of individual bio- and dental materials on a relative
basis specific to biocompatibility and clinical outcome.
The biomaterials have now evolved to a situation where most root-form
designs are constructed from titanium and alloys with or without surface
modifications, including calcium phosphate (CaPO 4 ) coatings [23]. Some
properties of these biomaterials are summarized in Table 5.2. Multiple sur-
face modifications have been introduced in recent years for dental implant
root form designs that can be categorized broadly as as-processed; subtrac-
tion (e.g., acid etching and abrasive blasting); and addition (compounds and
coatings). Some surface treatment descriptions are summarized in Table 5.3.
The dental implant types, in terms of design, have also evolved to now
be primarily root-form systems. These shapes include mostly cylinders and
cones, with and without threads and plateaus. Once again, readers are referred
to the various dental implant textbooks for more detailed information [18-20].
Three areas will be used as examples of how the engineering-based
approaches to device-interface conditions found during DRA and further
investigated have contributed to available information for the profession.
These areas will be tissue integration, biodegradation, and corrosion and
biomechanical fractures of components. Integration of bone along dental
implant interfaces has been categorized as fibrous, osseous, or osseointegra-
tion and mixed (called fibro-osseous integration) [22]. A question is, does the
biomaterial surface chemistry and/or micro-topography influence the type