The Toxicology of 1,4-Dioxane - Environmental Investigation and Remediation - page 234

TABLE 5.2 (continued)
Acute and Short-Term Toxicity Studies of 1,4-Dioxane (Less than 1-Month Exposure)

Animal Exposure Route Test Conditions Results Dose a References

Crj:BDF 1 mouse Oral via drinking

water

14-day exposure Mortality, decreased body weights,

histopathological lesions in the nasal cavity,
liver, kidney, and brain

10,800 mg/kg-day; hepatocellular
swelling

JBRC (1998c)

Dog Drinking-water

ingestion

3-10 days of exposure Clinical signs of CNS depression and liver and

kidney degeneration

11,000 mg/kg-day (5%) Schrenk and Yant

(1936)

Inhalation Studies
Male CD1 Rat

Vapor inhalation Serum enzymes measured

before and after single 4-h
exposure

Increase in ALT, AST, and OCT; no change in
G-6-pase

1000 ppm Drew et al. (1978)

Rabbit, guinea pig,
rat, and mouse

Vapor inhalation 3 h for i ve days; 1.5-h

exposure for one day

Degeneration and necrosis in the kidney and
liver, vascular congestion in the lungs

10,000 ppm Fairley et al.

(1934)

Male Wistar rats;
female H-strain
mice

Vapor inhalation 4 h in rats; 2 h in mice 30% decrease in the maximal response to an

electrically evoked seizure

1860 ppm in rats; 2400 ppm in mice Frantik et al.

(1994)

Female Carworth
Farms-Elias rat

Vapor inhalation 4 h per day, i ve days per week,

for 10 exposure days

Dose-related effect on conditioned avoidance
behavior; escape behavior was generally not
affected (pole-climb methodology)

3000 ppm Goldberg et al.

(1964)

Rat Vapor inhalation 5 h of exposure Mortality and narcosis 6000 ppm Nelson (1951)

Female Carworth
Farms-Nelson rat

Vapor inhalation Determination of a 4-h

inhalation LC 50

Lethality LC 50 = 51.3 mg/L Pozzani et al.

(1959)

Mouse, cat Vapor inhalation 8 h per day for 17 days Paralysis and death 8400 ppm Wirth and

Klimmer (1936)