Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
RELATION BETWEEN LEVELS OF MARINE n-3 PUFA AND
sCAMs
In cross-sectional studies of healthy individuals (Eschen
et al
. 2004) and
in patients with IHD (Eschen
et al
. 2005), we have reported only weak and
inconsistent association between sCAMs and levels of n-3 PUFA in various cells
or in adipose tissue. In contrast to our studies, a highly signii cant baseline inverse
relation between EPA and sE-selectin, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1, and DHA and
sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 was found in a subpopulation from the Diet and Omega
3 Intervention Trial on atherosclerosis (DOIT) (Yli-Jama
et al
. 2002).
EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTS WITH MARINE n-3 PUFA
ON sCAMs
A limited number of studies have investigated the ef ect of marine n-3 PUFA
supplements on sCAMs in healthy subjects or in patients at risk of IHD or with
established IHD. h ese studies are summarized in Table 1. Most of these studies
are small and they are rather heterogeneous. A number of factors may inl uence
the ef ect of supplementations with n-3 PUFA on levels of sCAMs, including dose,
age, and duration of supplementation, and the ef ect may dif er between men and
women. h e presence of other risk factors such as dyslipidaemia, hypertension
and DM may also inl uence the ef ect of n-3 PUFA on sCAMs. Overall, most RCT
studies examining the ef ects of n-3 PUFA on levels of sCAMs have included a
limited number of subjects, and no data exist from a larger RCT with n-3 PUFA.
Considering the lessons learned from ecological, epidemiological and large
cohort studies, it is tempting to hypothesize that n-3 PUFA exert anti-inl ammatory
and anti-atherosclerotic ef ects in a dose-dependent way as populations with a
very high intake of seafood have remarkably lower incidence of IHD (Newman
et al
. 1993). We have examined a possible dose-dependent ef ect of n-3 PUFA
on sCAMs in healthy subjects. A high dose of 6.6 g of n-3 PUFA decreased sP-
selectin, whereas no ef ects were seen on sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1. A moderate
dose of 2.0 g of n-3 PUFA had no ef ect on levels of sCAMs. However, a possible
dose-response relation between sCAMs and intake of n-3 PUFA is poorly dei ned,
when evaluating the results from other studies. Recently, a report from a placebo-
controlled randomized dose-response study of healthy subjects found no dei nite
dose-response relation between increasing doses of n-3 PUFA and sCAMs
(Cazzola
et al
. 2007), the highest dose being 4.9 g of n-3 PUFA/day. sE-selectin
was signii cantly increased by the highest dose of n-3 PUFA among younger
males, whereas sVCAM-1 tended to be reduced in both younger and older men
receiving n-3 PUFA with no clear dose-response relationship. No change was
observed in sICAM-1. h e DOIT trial is the largest trial (n = 563) to provide
insights in the association between sCAMs and n-3 PUFA. Recruited subjects
had a long history of hyperlipidaemia, and they were randomized in a placebo-
