Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
LOX-1
lectin-like oxLDL receptor
MAPK
mitogen-activated protein kinase
MCP-1
monocyte chemoattractant protein 1
MDA-LDL
malondialdehyde modii ed LDL
mRNA
matrix ribonucleic acid
nLDL
native LDL
N-IMT
normal intima-media thickness (of common carotid artery)
oxLDL
oxidized LDL
PBS
phosphate buf ered saline
PCR
polymerase chain reaction
RT-PCR
reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
siRNA
single-strand interfering RNA
SEM
standard error of mean
T-IMT
thickened intima-media thickness (of common carotid artery)
VCAM-1
vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
VSMC
vascular smooth muscle cells
Key Facts about Carbamylated LDL
1. It is a product of non-enzymatic modii cation of LDL by urea-derived
cyanate or thiocyanate in blood plasma.
2. It is one of the most abundant modii ed LDL isoforms in human plasma.
3. It is present both in uremic patients and in healthy individuals.
4. Uremia caused by ESRD is associated with the elevation of plasma cLDL.
5. h ere are no inhibitors of LDL carbamylation.
6. Adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are induced by cLDL in
endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells
in vitro
.
7. It is absorbed from the bloodstream in minutes.
8. It induces endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and
cell death.
9. Cytotoxicity of cLDL toward endothelial cells is compatible to that of
oxidized LDL.
References
Apostolov, E.O. and S.V. Shah, E. Ok, and A.G. Basnakian. 2005. Quantii cation of
carbamylated LDL in human sera by a new sandwich ELISA. Clin. Chem. 51: 719-728.
