Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
and stimulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
in vitro
. It has been
well established that the risk of cardiovascular disease is increased several-fold in
patients with CKD. h e combination of
in vitro
studies demonstrating the ability
of cLDL to induce monocyte adhesion and other biological ef ects relevant to
atherosclerosis, along with elevated cLDL in hemodialysis patients, suggests an
important role of LDL carbamylation in atherosclerosis in CKD patients. Future
attempts to prevent LDL carbamylation and/or reduce the adhesion and other ef ects
of cLDL may provide novel approaches for the prevention of atherosclerosis.
SUMMARY
• Carbamylated LDL (cLDL) is a product of spontaneous chemical
modii cation of Apolipoprotein B in LDL by cyanate that is derived from
urea.
• cLDL is present in blood plasma of healthy individuals and is elevated in
uremic patients.
• cLDL concentration in renal patients plasmas correlate with early
atherosclerosis measured by intima-media thickness.
•
In vitro
, cLDL induces proliferation and cell death of human coronary
endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells that is characteristic of
atherosclerosis.
•
In vitro
, cLDL induces expression of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and
VCAM-1, thus promoting monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells.
Acknowledgements
h is research was supported by a grant 1R21HL087405 from NIH/NHLBI
(A.G.B.), AHA South Central Ai liate grant (E.O.A.), VA Merit Review Grants
(A.G.B., S.V.S.), and an Arkansas Tobacco Settlement Award (E.O.A.).
Abbreviations
CKD
chronic kidney disease
cLDL
carbamylated LDL
ELISA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ESRD
end-stage renal disease
ICAM-1
intercellular adhesion molecule 1
IMT
intima-media thickness
HCAECs
human coronary artery endothelial cells
LDL
low-density lipoprotein
