Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Definition of Terms
Biomarker:
A molecule or trait used to indicate the extent or progress of disease.
Cellular adhesion molecules:
Proteins that facilitate interaction between endothelial cells,
other cells (e.g., circulating leukocytes), and the extracellular matrix. Found either on
the cellular surface or in a soluble form. Soluble form denoted with an 's-' prei x, e.g.,
sICAM-1.
Endothelial cell:
Cells that line tissue surfaces, e.g., the inner layer of cells in a blood vessel.
Leukocyte:
White blood cell. Includes monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils.
Monocyte/Macrophage:
Mononuclear leukocyte involved in phagocytosis and production
of inl ammatory cytokines. Monocytes become macrophages at er migrating from
circulation to tissue.
Neutrophil:
A leukocyte responsible for i ghting infection. Activated by pro-inl ammatory
cytokines and responsible for the damage caused by inl ammation.
Pro-inl ammatory cytokines:
Molecules involved in cell-to-cell communication that promote
an inl ammatory response.
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