Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Clavicipitaceae Asci long-cylindrical, with
a thickened tip, ascospores long-filiform.
conidial stage; perithecia develop under bark;
ascospores small, allantoid, hyaline to yellow-
brown. This
family now placed in order
Sphaeriales (Pyrenomycetes)
Mycelium well developed; perithecia dark, more
or less hard, carbonaceous, with an ostiole typi-
cally circular in section; with or without stro-
mata; asci inoperculate (without a lid) but
spores discharged with force; paraphyses and
periphyses usually present.
Chaetomiaceae Perithecia superficial, hairy,
walls membranous; asci deliquescent; ascospores
dark; paraphyses wanting. Now placed in order
Sordariales.
Sordariaceae (Fimetariaceae) Perithecia super-
ficial, walls membranous, naked or sparsely
setose; asci discharging spores forcibly. Now
placed in order Sordariales.
Sphaeriaceae Perithecia superficial, walls car-
bonaceous, mouths papillate.
Ceratostomataceae Perithecia superficial, car-
bonaceous, with long, hairlike beaks.
Cucurbitariaceae Stroma present but perithe-
cia completely emergent at maturity; formed in
groups.
Amphisphaeriaceae Bases of perithecia persis-
tently immersed in stroma; mouths circular.
Lophiostomataceae Bases of perithecia persis-
tently immersed in stroma; mouths compressed,
elongate.
Sphaerellaceae (Mycosphaerellaceae) Perithe-
cia immersed in substratum; stroma lacking or
poorly developed; asci not
Xylariales.
Melogrammataceae Conidia typically borne in
hollow chambers in stroma composed of fungal
elements; ascospores one-to many-celled, hya-
line or brown.
Xylariaceae Conidia borne in superficial layer
on surface of stroma; ascospores one-to two-
celled, blackish brown.
Martin does not use the order Sphaeriales. He
places some of the above families in separate
orders. This family now placed in order Xylariales.
Laboulbeniales
Minute parasites on insects or spiders; mycelium
represented by a small number of basal cells
functioning as haustorium and stalk.
Phacidiales (=Rhytismatales)
Discomycetes in which the hymenium is covered
by a membrane until ascospores are mature, then
splitting stellately or irregularly.
Phacidiaceae Ascocarps leathery or carbona-
ceous, black, remaining embedded in host tissue
or in stroma; hypothecium thin. Martin includes
Tryblidiaceae, ascocarps leathery, immersed,
hypothecium thick; but Ainsworth and Bisby
place members of this family in the Helotiales.
Helotiales
Discomycetes without a membrane; asci
inoperculate, opening with a definite pore. Cup
fungi.
Geoglossaceae Ascocarps calvate or caplike,
hymenium covering convex upper portion.
Ascocorticiaceae Fructification effused,
thickened at
tips;
mouths of perithecia papillate.
Gnomoniaceae Perithecia immersed in substra-
tum; usually beaked; asci thickened at tips. This
family has been eliminated: Gnomonia species
are in the order Dothideales.
Clypeosphaeriaceae Stroma a shieldlike crust
(clypeus) over perithecia, through which necks
protrude.
Valsaceae Stroma composed of mixed host and
fungal elements; perithecia immersed, with long
necks; conidia borne in cavities in stroma.
Melanconidiaceae Like Valsaceae but conidia
borne superficially on the stroma.
Diatrypaceae Stroma composed wholly of fun-
gus elements; in some genera present only in
inde-
terminate, without
excipulum;
paraphyses
lacking.
Stictidiaceae Ascocarps first immersed in sub-
stratum, then erumpent; asci long-cylindrical
with thickened apex; ascospores filiform, break-
ing up into segments at maturity.
Cyttariaceae Ascocarps compound, in form of
subglobose stromata bearing numerous apothe-
cial pits. Now placed in order Cyttariales; no
family.
