Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
a weak parasite, completing its cycle in a year.
Hysterothecia are shining black, elliptical.
Ploioderma hedgecockii (formerly
Hypoderma
hedgecockii
).
Needle Cast
of hard pines, in
southeastern states. Elliptical shining black
hysterothecia are present in discolored areas on
green needles. Each ascus contains four normal
and four aborted spores.
Ploioderma lethale (formerly
Hypoderma
lethaei
).
Gray Leaf Blight
,
Needle Cast
of hard
pines, from New England to Gulf states.
Hysterothecia are short, narrow, black, often
found on pitch pine.
Virgella robusta (formerly Hypoderma
robustum).
Needle Cast
of Firs, in West, usually
white fir. Concolorous pycnidia, which form two
rows, one in each needle wing, often turn black
after spore discharge.
Hypodermella nervata (see
Lirula nervata
).
▶
Needle Cast
of Balsam.
Lirula abietis-concoloris (formerly
Hypodermella abietis-concoloris
). On firs and
southern balsam.
Lirula nervata (formerly
Hypodermella
nervata
).
Needle Cast
of Balsam. Pycnidia are
in a groove along upper surface of needle in
continuous or occasionally interrupted row, turn-
ing nearly black after spores are discharged.
Lophodermella concolor (formerly
Hypodermella concolor
).
Needle Cast
of jack
pine and lodgepole pines. Virulent fungus
infects young needles, in summer, which turn
brown the next season. Short hysterothecia are
concolorous with the leaf and appear as shallow
depressions.
Lirula
Hypodermella
Ascomycetes, Rhytismatales
Ascomycetes, Rhytismatales
Lirula macrospora
Needle Cast or Blight
on
spruce.
Like
Bifusella
with elongate apothecia, with
a cleft, but paraphyses present; spores hyaline,
one-celled, club-shaped at upper end, tapering
toward base (see
Fig. 1
).
Davisomycella ampla (formerly
Hypodermella
ampla
).
Needle Cast
of jack pine. All needles
may drop except those of the current season.
Short, elliptical, dull black hysterothecia are
scattered over light buff-colored areas.
Hypodermella abietis-concoloris (see
Lophodermium
Leaf Spots
.
Lirula macrospora (formerly Lophodermium
filiforme).
Spruce Needle Cast
, sometimes caus-
ing serious defoliation of red and black spruce.
Hysterothecia are long or short, shining black
(see
Fig. 1
).
Lophodermium durilabrum
Needle Cast
on
pine.
Lophodermium
▶
Lirula
abietis-concoris
). On firs and southern balsam.
Hypodermella ampla (see
▶
Davisomycella
▶
ampla
).
Needle Cast
of jack pine.
Hypodermella concolor (see
Lophodermella
▶
concolor
).
Needle Cast
of
jack pine and
Lirula
macrospora
).
Spruce Needle Cast
, sometimes
causing serious defoliation of red and black
spruce.
Lophodermium juniperinum Widespread
and abundant on common juniper and red-
cedar but apparently not parasitic. Hysterothecia
are ellipticcal,
filiforme (see
▶
lodgepole pines.
Hypodermella laricis
Larch Needle
and
Shoot
Blight
on eastern and western larches. Yellow
spots are formed on needles, which turn reddish
brown but stay attached, giving a scorched
appearance to trees that are normally deciduous.
Hysterothecia are very small, oblong to elliptical,
dull black, on upper surface of needles.
shining black, on both leaf
surfaces.
