Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
table . (Continued)
effects of nanomaterials or nanoparticles on Mammalian species
size or
diameter
species
Particle
a
Category
exposure or dose
endpoint(s)
effect(s)
Commentary
Ref.
Human.umbilical.
vein.endothelial.
cells
Hydroxyl.fullerene.
(C
60
(OH)
24
)
7.1.±.2.4.nm
1-100.mg/mL.for.24.hr.
(acute.exposure)
1-10.mg/mL.for.up.to.
10.days
(chronic.exposure)
Cytotoxicity
Acute.exposure:.cytotoxic.
morphological.effects;.cell.
growth.inhibited;.fullerenes.
did.not.induce.apoptosis.
chronic.exposure:.1.mg/mL.
for.10.days.had.no.effect.on.
endothelial.cell.toxicity;.at.10.
mg/mL,.caused.cytotoxicity.
Because.nanomaterials.can.
move.into.the.circulation,.
these.materials.might.affect.
vascular.cells,.leading.to.
vascular.injury.and.possible.
atherosclerosis.development..
This.study.demonstrates.that.
exposure.to.nanomaterials.
might.lead.to.cardiovascular.
effects;.however,.
in vivo
.
studies.are.necessary.to.
validate.
[51]
Human.platelet.(
in
vitro
)
Rat.
(in vivo
)
C60.fullerenes
Multi-walled.
nanotubes
Single-walled.
nanotubes
Not.available
Human.platelet.
cells
Rat.vascular.
thrombosis.
(carotid.artery)
Dose-dependent.increase.in.
platelet.aggregation.with.
single-.and.multi-walled.
nanotubes,.not.with.C60.
fullerenes..Single-.and.multi-
walled.nanotubes.signiicantly.
increased.the.time.and.rate.of.
carotid.artery.thrombosis;.C60.
fullerenes.did.not.impact.the.
development.of.thrombosis.
Results.indicate.that.blood.
platelets.might.be.activated.
(enhancing.vascular.
thrombosis).by.exposure.to.
carbon.nanoparticles.
in vivo
..
Second,.it.appears.that.
nanospheres.(e.g.,.C60.
fullerenes).do.not.promote.
cell-cell.contact.(like.platelet.
aggregation),.whereas.
nanotubes.seem.to.cause.
aggregation.
[52]
0.2-300.mg/mL.
(human.platelet).50.
mg/mL.(rat)
