Prebiotics in Finfish: An Update - Aquaculture Nutrition: Gut Health, Probiotics and Prebiotics - page 386

Table 14.8 Prebiotic applications in red drum.

Prebiotic Dose and length

of administration

Results References

10 g kg − 1 - 3weeks ↑

GOS, MOS, inulin,
GroBiotic ® -A

apparent nutrient digestibilities Burr et al . (2008a)

20 g kg − 1 -48h( in
vitro )

Brewer's yeast, FOS,
GroBiotic ® -A

↑

acetate, butyrate, total VFA and Burr et al . (2008b)

intestinal microbiota
→

propionate

GroBiotic ® -A, inulin

10 g kg − 1 - 8weeks
and
10 g kg − 1 - 6weeks

↑ moisture body composition Burr et al . (2009)

→ weight gain, FCR, PER, intestinal

microbiota or body composition (ash
and lipids)
↓ protein body composition

10 g kg − 1 -4and
6weeks

FOS, MOS, TOS,
GroBiotic ® -A

↑

FE, serum lysozyme, superoxide
anion production and survival after
Amyloodinium ocellatum challenge

Buentello et al .
(2010)

10 g kg − 1 - 8weeks ↑

FOS, GOS, MOS,
Previda™

weight gain and immunological
responses by Previda™
↑

Zhou et al . (2010)

microvilli heights by prebiotics

→

hepatosomatic index, muscle ratio,
CF and morphological changes of the
gut (fold - and enterocyte height)
↓

lower survival by MOS feeding

Symbols represent an increase (

↑

), no effect (

→

)ordecrease(

↓

) in the parameter of the prebiotic relative to the control.

ADCs of organic matter and total carbohydrates were significantly higher for GroBiotic ® -A,
MOS and GOS supplemented diets compared with the basal diet (diet 2). The inulin supple-
mented diet did not show any improvement on ADCs of protein, energy, organic matter and
total carbohydrates compared with the basal diet (diet 2). Fish fed all four prebiotics had sig-
nificantly lower ADC of lipid compared to fish fed diet 1 or diet 2. The findings of this study
suggest that prebiotics can improve ADCs in diets with high levels of SBM inclusion.
Burr et al . (2008b) evaluated the effects of brewer's yeast, FOS, and GroBiotic ® -A on the
intestinal microbial community of red drum. Intestinal contents were aseptically removed from
three fish fed the same commercial diet inside an anaerobic chamber. Samples were diluted
and incubated invitro in one of four liquid media: control diet (commercial diet); control diet +
20 g kg −1 GroBiotic ® -A; control diet + 20gkg −1 brewer's yeast; and control diet + 20 g kg −1
FOS. After 24 and 48 h of incubation at 25 ∘ C, supernatants were removed for volatile fatty acid
(VFA) analysis and PCR-DGGE analysis. The intestinal content incubated with GroBiotic ® -A
had significantly higher acetate, butyrate and total VFA concentrations after 24 h of incubation
compared to the other treatments. Propionate production remained unaffected in all culture
media. DGGE fingerprint analysis demonstrated that GroBiotic ® -A and brewer's yeast were
able to modulate the microbial community. These findings combined with the findings from
Burr et al . (2008a) suggest that prebiotics, especially GroBiotic ® -A, play an important role in
red drum nutrition.
In a later study, Burr et al . (2009) evaluated the effect of 10 g kg −1 GroBiotic ® -A and
10 g kg −1 inulin supplementation in feeds containing either FM as protein source or FM with
35.5% SBM included. In the first sub-trial, prebiotics were tested using FM based diets in an 8