Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
4. the digital counter-culture
1
Marshall McLuhan,
Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man
(New
Yo r k ,
1964
)
2
Daniel Bell,
The Coming of the Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social
Forecasting
(New York,
1973
).
3
Frank Webster,
Theories of the Information Society
(London and New York,
1995
), p.
31
.
4
Alvin Toffler,
Future Shock
(New York,
1970
).
5
Alvin Toffler,
The Third Wave
(New York,
1980
) .
6
The Last Whole Earth Catalog
(London,
1971
).
7
The Whole Earth Epilog
(Baltimore,
1974
).
8
The Next Whole Earth Catalog
(Sausalito,
ca
,
1980
).
9
An Index of Possibilities
(London,
1974
).
10
R. Buckminster Fuller,
Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth
(London and
Amsterdam,
1969
).
11
For an excellent and succinct account of the development of second order
Cybernetics, see N. Katherine Hayles's topic
How We Became Posthuman:
Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature and Information
(Chicago and
London,
1999
), pp.
131
-
59
.
12
Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela,
Autopoesis and Cognition: The
Realization of the Living
(Dordrecht and London,
1980
).
13
Gregory Bateson,
Steps Towards an Ecology of Mind
(New York,
1972
).
14
Gregory Bateson,
A Sacred Unity: Further Steps to an Ecology of Mind
(New
Yo r k ,
1991
).
15
Gregory Bateson,
Mind and Nature: A Necessary Unity
(New York,
1979
).
16
Lorenz first aired this idea at a talk at the December
meeting of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science in Washington
1972
dc
.
17
Mandelbrot, Benoit, 'How Long is the Coast of Britain' in
The World
Treasury of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics
, ed. Timothy Ferris
(Boston,
ma
,
1991
), pp.
447
-
55
.
18
Milton Friedman,
Capitalism and Freedom
(Chicago,
1962
).
19
Stewart Brand, 'Spacewar: Fanatic Life and Symbolic Death Among the
Computer Bums',
Rolling Stone
,
7
December
1972
.
20
David S. Bennahum, 'Doug Engelbart: The Interview' in
Meme
3
.
01
,
www.memex.org/meme
3
-
01
.html.
21
Stewart Brand,
The Media Lab: Inventing the Future at MIT
(New York,
1987
).
22
Ted Nelson,
Computer Lib/Machine Dreams
(Richmond,
wa
,
1987
).
23
Paul E. Ceruzzi,
A History of Modern Computing
, (Cambridge,
ma
, and
London,
1998
) p.
258
.
24
Douglas K. Smith and Robert C. Alexander,
Fumbling the Future: How
Xerox Invented, Then Ignored, the First Personal Computer
(New York,
1988
).
25
For a general account of hacker manners and hygiene, see Steven Levy,
230 Digital Culture
