Biology Reference
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are essential for fertilization). In contrast, when the DUO1 promoter was used to
express a nuclear-targeted histone H2B::mRFP marker protein, fluorescence was
detected in mutant duo1 germ cells, similar to its expression in wild type sperm
cells and in cdka;1 germ cells (Figure 1H,L), indicating that DUO1 promoter
activation does not depend upon DUO1 itself.
Figure 1.
Expression of male germline-specific genes in wild type and duo1 pollen.
Expression of
AtMGH3-H2B::GFP (A), AtGEX2-GFP (B), AtGCS1-AtGCS1::GFP (C) and DUO1-
DUO1::mRFP (D) during wild type pollen development, observed with CLSM. Panels are numbered 1 (left)
to 5 (right). For all markers, fluorescence is not detected in microspores (MS; Panel 1), a weak signal is detected
in the germ cell during or soon after engulfment (early-BC; Panel 2), fluorescence increases in mid-bicellular
pollen (mid-BC; Panel 3) and remains in tricellular (TC; Panel 4) and mature pollen (MP; Panel 5). (E-L)
Expression of germline expressed genes in heterozygous duo1 plants. The percentage pollen showing GFP or
RFP in sperm cells of wild type (WT) pollen or the single germ cell in cdka;1 and duo1 mutant pollen in plants
homozygous for AtMGH3-H2B::GFP (AtMGH3, E), AtGEX2-GFP (AtGEX2, F), AtGCS1-AtGCS1::GFP
(AtGCS1, G) and DUO1-H2B::mRFP (DUO1, H). Individual examples viewed by fluorescence microscopy in
I to L. AtMGH3-H2B::GFP (I), AtGEX2-GFP (J) and AtGCS1-AtGCS1::GFP (K) are not expressed, or have
reduced expression in duo1 pollen while DUO1-H2B::RFP (L) is expressed. Each image has a wild type pollen
grain to the left and a duo1 mutant grain to the right (see lower DAPI images).
