Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Data and Methods
Different data and methods are used within this project to cover the variety of
proposed tasks. The basis of the information system are well processed old maps
and aerial photographs used for further processing and analysis. Other sources of
information are used for better understanding of the selected localities—here data
collection using standard surveying methods, Kite Aerial Photography (KAP) and
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) is performed.
Old Maps
Old maps of different scale and age were used for the purposes of this project. We
have covered the area of interest with well distributed time-line of the old maps.
The oldest processed map is M
¨
ller
s map of Bohemia (ca. 1720) followed by the
1st, 2nd and 3rd Military survey of the Habsburg empire (1792, 1894, 1938). The
Military survey presents the natural development of the area until the heavy
industrialization.
3
This time-line is well supported by the Stabile cadaster maps
(1842, 1:2,880) containing detailed information about the land-use.
The time period of heavy industrialization is covered by State maps and the State
maps derived in the scale 1:5,000 (SMO5) from the years 1953, 1972 and 1981. The
map contains two main compounds—hypsography (derived from a Base map
1:10,000) and planimetry (derived from cadastral maps). The hypsography has a
1 m contour interval
4
and thus is well suitable for georelief reconstruction analysis.
Processing (georeferencing) old maps requires an individual approach as each
map has to be handled based on its characteristics. Different georeferencing
methods were applied to obtain sufficient results for the purposes of our project.
The most problematic was the georeferencing of the 1st Military survey maps as
these maps have no geodetic basements. A unique method introduced in Cajthaml
(
2012
) based on polynomial transformation was used for georeferencing the 1st
Military survey map sheets preserving the neighboring map sheet continuation.
Georeferencing of the other data sources was based on a large set of identical
points (2nd and 3rd Military survey, Stabile cadaster maps) or on the knowledge of
the map corner coordinates (SMO5 maps). All maps were georeferenced into the
Czech national S-JTSK coordinate system (
Georepository
) and visualized by the
ESRI file geodatabase mosaic dataset which is used to mask the map frame
information producing a seamless map.
The processed maps are accessible as a web-mapping application using ArcGIS
API for Flex on URL:
http://mapserver.ujep.cz/Projekty/Zanikle_obce/
.
'
3
The third Military Survey already shows the beginnings of industrialization and open-pit mining.
4
The SMO5 from the year 1953 have, in some areas, the contour interval 5-20 m, thus the results
are not that accurate. But anyway this map is a unique source of information.
