Glossary - Afforestation, Reforestation and Forest Restoration in Arid and Semi-arid Tropics - page 255

use. In case of communities with tradition of grazing their animals in forest, the cut
and carry method needs to be advocated.

Cut-back operation Cutting the stem of over-browsed rootstock to stimulate
growth of fresh shoots. Without this operation, the plants may continue growing
close to the ground and may not attain a clear bole and a tree shape.

Cut-off wall In a stopdam or a retention weir, a wall of impervious material, such
as concrete or masonry, cutting deep into the ground and located at the upstream
edge of the foundation trench, to cut off subsoil flow of water.

Cuttings Cutting of an adult plant in part or whole meant for propagation or pro-
duction of plants in nursery. Propagation from stem cuttings, or branch cuttings,
is by far the most effective method of multiplying a germ plasm. Certain species,
however, are better propagated by seeds but then young seedlings are uprooted and
stumps prepared from root-shoot cuttings are replanted in order to get better girth
and stout plants. This practice is commonly used in case of timber species.

CVH ⇒ Contour vegetative hedge

Daily wages Wages to be paid to workers for each workday. Usually the wage for
the day is subject to a minimum task to be performed or a minimum number of
working hours to be put in. Also called fixed wages.

⇒

Piece-rate wages
Daily work measurement log A record of work measurements recorded at end of
each workday. It is maintained in conjunction with the muster roll of the workers. It
helps watch the rate of work output as against the basic schedule of rates.

Damp proof course A course of impervious material laid in a wall to prevent subsoil
moisture from rising up into the structure. A damp proof course is usually laid at
plinth level of a building. It consists of an RC ring beam, a tarred felt sandwiched
between the masonry courses, or some other layer of waterproof material spread to
cover the entire width of the wall.

Damping-off A disease in seedlings and cuttings related to root fungi, marked by
wilting or rotting and subsequent death of young plants in nursery and in field.

Deep planting Planting of a seedling so that the collar of the seedling is kept lower
in the pit than the ground surface in order to enable water to collect and stand in the
saucer.

Deferred grazing Grazing withheld until suitable time or season, usually seeding
time of grasses, has arrived. It allows reseeding of the area and this makes the paddock
more sustainable.

Delegation The act of empowering employees lower in hierarchy in an organisation,
so that decision making is decentralised. As a result of proper delegation practices,
the organisation as a whole becomes more productive and responsive to unforeseen
situations.

Detailed estimate ⇒ Estimate