Other Sweeteners - Sweeteners: Nutritional Aspects, Applications, and Production Technology - page 192

sucroseisremovedbyenzymaticconversionusing Saccharomyces cerevisiae .Thepurityofiso-
maltulosetypicallyobtainedwiththismethodisonlyapproximately82%.
ThisalternativemethodhasbeensubmittedforapprovalintheU.S.(Südzucker1996),aswell
asinEurope,whereitwasacceptedbytheSCF(SCF1997).
Additionally, isomaltulose is produced and made commercially available by the Shin Mitsui
Sugar Company for the Japanese, Korean, and Taiwanese food markets. Furthermore, in Japan,
the Shin Mitsui Sugar Company distributes Südzucker isomalt. The isomaltulose produced by
Shin Mitsui is also prepared from food-grade sucrose via enzymatic rearrangement. Similar to
Südzucker,ShinMitsuiimmobilizesthebiocatalyst(Nakajima1984),andtherearestrongindica-
tionsthatthebiocatalystisobtainedfrom P. rubrum (Okudaetal.1986).Thisiscorroboratedby
ShinMitsui'sroleasthedistributoroftheisomaltproducedbySüdzuckerinJapan.Theresulting
isomaltuloseispuriiedthroughconcentrationandcrystallization,providingamaterialof99%or
greaterpurityonadrybasis(ShinMitsuiSugarCo.2003).

7.5.3 Is Isomaltulose Safe?

Isomaltuloseisconsideredsafe.Safetyofisomaltuloseforhumanconsumptionhasbeenevalu-
atedbySCF1984andconcludedthattherearenopublichealthandsafetyconcernsforthegeneral
populationassociatedwithitsuseinfoods.
AccordingtoatoxicologicalevaluationofthesafetyofisomaltulosebyCargill-Cerestar2003
whichwasprimarilybasedon(i)metabolicdatainanimalsandhumans(ii)clinicaldatapertain-
ing to the glycemic response obtained following isomaltulose administration as compared to that
obtained with either sucrose or glucose (iii) the results of human studies demonstrating that iso-
maltuloseiswell-tolerated;(iv)theresultsofadevelopmentaltoxicitystudyinrats(v)supportive
animalsub-chronicandchronictoxicitydataitwasconcludedthatnotreatment-relatedtoxicological
relevanteffectswereobservedinanyoftheanimalstudies.Consideringthesafetyofisomaltulose,
clinicalstudydatahavebeenprovidedforfructose,oneofthehydrolysisproductsofisomaltulose.
Metabolicdataindicatethat,priortoabsorption,isomaltuloseisalmostcompletelyhydrolyzed
tofructoseandglucoseandbothmetabolitesaresubsequentlyutilizedinwell-characterizedcar-
bohydratepathways.Nutritionally,thecompoundisthereforeequivalenttosucrose,whichhasan
extensivehistoryofuseintheEuropeancommunity.Thesafetyofisomaltuloseisconirmedbya
seriesofpublishedanimaltoxicityandhumanclinicalstudies,includinghumantrialsperformed
speciicallyusingCerestarisomaltulose,reportingnoadversetoxicologicaleffectsrelevanttothe
conditionsoftheintendedusesinfoods.

7.5.4 What Foods Could potentially Contain Isomaltulose?

Thefollowingtypesoffoodsmaycontainisomaltulose:

• Beverages(softdrinks,instantdrinkpreparations,teas,andfruitorvegetablejuicesordrinks)

• Breakfastcerealsandcerealbars

• Confectionsandchewinggums

• Fondantsandillings

• Jams,marmalades,andsugarpreserves

• Energy-reducedfoodsandmealreplacements

7.5.5 estimated Daily Isomaltulose Intake

Insummary,onanall-userbasis,thehighestmeanand97.5thpercentileintakesofisomaltulose
by the U.K. population from all proposed food uses in the European Union as observed in male