Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
table 4.2
Characteristics and Selected physical properties of high-Intensity Sweeteners
Solubility in
h
2
O at 20°C
(%)
aDI (mg/kg body weight)
Molecular
Formula
Molecular
Weight
m.p.
(°C)
Sweetener
JeCFa
SCF
Acesulfame-K
C
4
H
4
No
4
SK
201.2
200
27
15
9
Alitame
C
14
H
25
N
3
o
4
S
331.43
136-
147
14.3 (pH 7)
1
0.3
Aspartame
C
14
H
18
N
2
o
5
294.31
246
1
40
40
A-A salt
C
18
H
23
o
9
N
3
S
457.46
-
-
Covered by the ADi values
previously established for
aspartame and acesulfame-K
Cyclamate
C
6
H
13
No
3
S
179.24
169-
170
7.7 Na salt:
19.5
11
7
Glycyrrhizin
C
42
H
62
o
16
822.93
-
-
Not speciied
Not evaluated
(100
provisional)
NHDC
C
28
H
36
o
15
612.6
156-
158
0.05
Not evaluated
5
Neotame
C
20
H
30
N
2
o
5
378.46
80.9-
83.4
1.3
2
Not evaluated
Saccharin
C
7
H
5
No
3
S
183.18
228.8-
229.7
0.3 Na salt: 83
5
5
Stevioside
C
38
H
60
o
18
804.9
198
0.125
Not evaluated
Not acceptable
Sucralose
C
12
H
19
o
8
Cl
3
397.63
125
25.7
15
15
Thaumatin
-
~22000
-
60
Not speciied
unlimited
Source:
Yebra-Biurrun, M. C.,
Food Add. Contam
., 17, 9, 733-738, 2000.
Note:
A-A salt, aspartame-acesulfame; NHDC, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone; m.p., melting point; ADi, accept-
able daily intake; JECFA, Join Expert Committee on Food Additives of the Agriculture organization/World
Health organization; SCF, Scientiic Food Committee of the European Community.
4.2 aCeSULFaMe-K
ACS-K (6-methyl-1,2,3-oxathiazin-4(3H)-one-2,2-dioxide, MW 201.24) was accidentally discov-
eredin1967fromstudiesonnovelringcompoundsatHoechstCorporationinWestGermany(Sardesai
andWaldshan1991).Itsfullnameispotassiumacesulfameandconsistsofa1,2,3-oxathiazinering,asix-
heterocyclicsysteminwhichoxygen,sulfur,andnitrogenatomsareadjacenttoeachanother(Figure 4.1).
ACS-Kisabout200timessweeterthansucrosebuthasaslightlybitteraftertaste(especiallyathigh
concentrations); it is soluble in water and has an extremely long storage life. Unlike ASP, it is
stableathightemperatures,whichmakesitidealforuseinbaking(Zygleretal.2009).ACS-Kis
notmetabolizedbythebodyandisexcretedunchangedbythekidneys.Alargenumberofphar-
macologicalandtoxicologicalstudieshavebeenconducted,andthesweetenerhasbeenfoundto
besafe(SardesaiandWaldshan1991).ACS-Kcanbeusedasasweeteningagentinawiderange
ofproducts(low-calorieproducts,diabeticfoods,sugarlessproducts).Itissuitableforlow-calorie
beveragesbecauseithasapronouncedstabilityinaqueoussolutionsandisevensuitablefordietsoft
CH
3
O
O
N SO
2
K
+
Figure 4.1
Chemical structure of ACS-K.
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