Fate in the Environment and Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of the Organophosphorus Insecticide, Chlorpyrifos and Its Oxon - Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - page 38

Table 3 Reported concentrations of CPY in aquatic and terrestrial media

Concentration in ng g −1 dwt unless
indicated otherwise Location and dates of sampling Reference

Sierra Nevada CA 2,785-3,375 m
elevation 2004/2005 and
Yosemite National Park

Water: all concentrations in water
were <0.07 ng L −1
Sediment:
0.043-3.478 median 0.107
0.285-12.44 median 1.73
0.011-2.276 median 0.101
0.499-10.72 median 1.372
Tadpoles:
2.224-156, median 22.2 ng g −1 lipid
2.741-68.4, median 19.9 ng g −1 lipid

Bradford et al.
( 2010a )
Bradford et al.
( 2013 )

Lassen National Park, CA, 25 km
from the San Joaquin Valley
edge

Tadpoles of Pacific tree frog ( Hyla
regilla ):
10-17 ng g −1 wwt

Datta et al. ( 1998 )

Kaweah, Kings, and Kern
Watersheds 43-85 km from the
San Joaquin Valley edge

Tadpoles of Pacific tree frog ( Hyla
regilla ):
<0.6 ng g −1 wwt

Bradford et al.
( 2010b )

Thirty Canadian lakes 1999-2001 Lake water in application region:

0.28-1.0 mean 0.65 ng L −1
Lake water in remote regions:
<0.017-2.9 mean 0.82 ng L −1
Lake water, subarctic:
< 0.017-<0.017 ng/L −1 in all
samples
Lake water, arctic: <0.017-1.6 mean
0.27 ng L −1

Muir et al. ( 2004 )

Ontario 2003/2005 Lake water: <0.002 to 0.5 ng L −1

median 0.02, 77% FOD
Rain: <0.004 to 43 ng L −1 median
0.76, 80% FOD
Zooplankton: <0.003-0.08, 0.004,
0.005 ng g −1 wwt (geometric
means = GM)
BAF in Zooplankton (GM) 70 (wwt),
3,300 (lipid wt)

Kurt-Karakus
et al. ( 2011 )

Chesapeake Bay, 2000 0.51-4.6 Kuang et al.

( 2003 )

Lichen in Yosemite NP
2003-2005

0.92 ng g −1 , 1.7 ng g −1 Mast et al. ( 2012 )

Pine needles in Sequoia NP, 1994 10-125 ng g −1 dwt Aston and Seiber

( 1997 )

Sequoia NP, 1996-1997 Dry deposition: 0.2-24 ng m −2 d −1

Surface water: 0.2-122 ng L −1

LeNoir et al.
( 1999 )

A significant portion of these data are from the Sierra Nevada, including National
Parks that are some 30-200 km and primarily downwind and up-gradient from the
productive agricultural Central Valley of California, in which there is significant
usage of CPY (Solomon et al. 2014 ).
The data in (Tables 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 ) confirm that measurable concentrations of
CPY are found in air and other media remote from sources with a significant