Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
In this model, every stimulus received is kept for a certain (usually very short)
time in the form of an individual analogue code. At the same time, every stimu-
lus is processed by the cognitive system. The entire analysed information on the
stimulus situation received goes to a so-called sensory store of a very large ca-
pacity. The operation of the SBM model is automatic, principally devoid of a
control process.
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The STM (Short-Term Memory) model - a memory model in which various in-
formation is stored, particularly that coming from the SBM model storage. The
STM model is made up of:
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information obtained from the LTM model;
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sensory stimulation processes;
current information processing.
The fundamental function of the STM model is assumed to consist in storing
information over the time necessary for its processing. The processing stage is un-
derstood as an analysis consistent with the goal set and chosen when executing a
given process, e.g. finding a piece of paper and a pen in order to jot down some
important detail. This is why the STM model is characterised by a very short dura-
tion of information storage.
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The LTM (Long-Term Memory) model - a model of memory which, in con-
trast to the STM model, is characterised by a long duration of information stor-
age. This model stores various types of knowledge and provides the diversifi-
cation and flexibility allowing the individual to adapt to the environment. This
process is possible, among other reasons, due to the semantic knowledge col-
lected in the model.
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The ABM (Action-Buffer Memory) model - a model on the border of statics
and dynamics associated with memory processes. It can be activated in layers
of the operating memory. This memory is subject to two types of limitations as-
sociated with its capacity. The first is the statics of the information storage
processes (the buffer), and the second is the dynamics of information stimula-
tion (activation) processes. In this model, just a few elements can be activated,
and as a result of this process they become elements consciously processed in
memory. The activated elements become the focus of attention and concentra-
tion, which means that the remaining elements are then inaccessible and cannot
be analysed and processed. This model, by activating a certain group (number)
of long-term memory elements, at the same time restricts access to the remain-
ing group of memory process elements (active at the previous operation of in-
formation processing).
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The semantic memory model - mainly shows the stages of information process-
ing based on the knowledge of verbal symbols, as well as their role and signifi-
cance in analysis processes. Verbal symbols are obtained from layers of natural
language specifying the relations between specific symbols, the rules of symbol
analysis and description, relations, concepts, formulas as well as algorithms for
modifying and processing given symbols. Resources of semantic memory are
