Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
7000
6000
5000
C-C
Aromatic
4000
3000
2000
C-C, C-H
Alipatic
Shake up
1000
0
294
292
290
288
286
284
282
(a)
Binding energy [eV]
3000
2500
C-H, C-C
Aliphatic
2000
1500
C-C
Aromatic
C-NH
1000
C-O
C=O
N-C=O
C-F
3
Shake up
500
0
294
292
290
288
286
284
282
(b)
Binding energy [eV]
FIGURE 7.12
C 1s peak fitting of (a) PS and (b) NH
3
microwave plasma-treated PS. Position
and content of the shake-up, aromatic, and aliphatic peaks of the PS sample agree very well
with known values from the literature. (From Beamson, G. and Briggs, D.,
High Resolution
XPS of Organic Polymers
, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, U.K., 1992.) On the plasma-treated
PS, typical N containing functional groups were detected like amines (C-NH) and amides
(N-C=O) in contrast to the much narrower peak of the untreated material. The CF
3
-peak was
generated by the derivatization of the sample. However, oxygen functional groups were created
upon contact with air. (From Steffen, H. et al.,
Plasma Process. Polym.,
4(SI), S392, 2007.)
combining XPS with PEEM (photo emission electron microscopy). Photoelectrons
maybecollectedfromthesurfaceintwodimensionstogenerateelementalorchemical
state images of the surface. With the help of a synchrotron radiation source, a lateral
resolution of less than 200 nm was detected this way [46].
A particular interesting development is imaging XPS. The local resolution is
about 3 μm with conventional x-ray sources [47]. Such images (see Figure 7.13)
could be obtained from plasma chemical micropatterned polystyrene surfaces [44].
