Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
EFB
Kenaf
Coconut
Wood
Bagasse
Cellulosic Materials
Product application:
Paper & Packaging
Constraction
Automotive
Furniture
Electronic
Pharmacy
cosmetics
Polymers
Nanocellulose
CNC
NFC
Thermoplastic
Thermoset
Processing
Figure 11.32
Graphic depicting the application of nanocomposites based on nanocellulose.
every industry from material reinforcement for construction to food packaging. In the
beginning of composite development, natural i ber was mixed with petroleum-based
polymer to create composite. Other than that, the petroleum-based polymer also was
combined with natural bio-derived polymer to create green composite. h e purpose
of introducing biobased material into the petroleum-based polymer is to enhance bio-
degradability. As time goes by, more advanced material was created by disintegration
of natural i ber into nanosize i ber, which was i nally mixed with nanoi ber to create
nanocomposite. Fully green nanocomposite is thereforeemerging, as green technol-
ogy has become serious business and the research about this particular i eld is to be
studied [174] .
Many products can be made from NFC- and NCC-reinforced polymer matrices
such as products from CNF, i.e., i lm and l exible packaging, compostable replacement
for plastic i lm (trash bags and grocery bags), high-quality paper and board products,
super-strong pulp, mineral paper, strong tissue products, wood i ber composites, wood
panels. Iridescent NCC i lms; such as deposition on glass, plastics, applications in cos-
metics and architectural industries, security paper, inks, varnishes and coatings, IR
rel ectance, thermal barriers, UV rel ectance, and UV barriers.
Applications of all the above nanocellulose-reinforced nanocomposites with ther-
moplastic and thermoset polymers are mainly considered to be in paper and packaging
products, construction materials, automobiles, furniture, electronics, pharmaceuticals,
and cosmetics. Figure 11.32 shows the application of nanobiocomposites.
11.8
Conclusion
h is chapter has focused on the isolation techniques and fundamental properties of
nanocellulose that have been developed so far, and ultimately the application of this
nanocellulose in composites. Natural i bers are commonly used to produce nanocel-
luloses which contain both crystalline and amorphous regions at varying proportions
depending on the species. h us, the characteristics of nanocellulosic materials depend
