Analyzing Energy Conservation and Carbon Emissions Reductions of China’s 11th FYP Plan - Green Low-Carbon Development in China - page 49

Carbon Emission

8.00

7.26

7.00

6.00

5.35

5.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

1.38

1.00

0.00

Fig. 2.16 Carbon emission from fossil fuel combustion (1978-2010) (Source: the emission from
1978 to 2004 is based on the recommended emission factor [The emission factor of Coal, Oil and
gas is 0.732, 0.565 and 0.445 t-carbon/tce respectively])

Fig. 2.17 Mix of carbon emissions by sector in 2005 (Source: National Communication on
Climate Change of China)

The Kaya Identity (Kaya, 2009) looks back upon the IPAT Model [ 7 ]asa
Formula 2.4 :

Anv.Impact ¼ Population * Affluence* Technology or

Y
P

I
Y

I ¼ P (2.4)