Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
aluminum industry the production share of large prebaked cells grew from 80 %
to 90 %, and in the building material industry the production share of the new dry
process of cement clinker rose from 56.4 % to 72.2 %.
Advance the improvement of energy saving technology. Per unit energy
consumption of major products in key industries fell by a wide margin, with
the overall energy efficiency level rising. Comparing 2009 to 2005, coal con-
sumption per unit of electricity fell from 370 to 340 g, a decrease of 8.11 %.
Comprehensive energy consumption per ton of steel dropped from 694 kg
standard coal to 615 kg, a decrease of 114 %; that of cement decreased by
16.77 %; ethylene 9.04 %; synthetic ammonia 7.96 %; and electrolytic alumi-
num 10 %.
4. Improve environmental quality. According to air quality monitoring in 113 pilot
cities for environmental protection, comparing 2009-2005, the number of cities
that reached grade II rose from 42.5 % to 67.3 %, the proportion of water quality
worse than grade V in surface water monitored sections declined from 22.7 % to
18.4 %. The proportion of monitored sections of the seven water systems better
than type III rose from 41 % to 57.3 %.
5. Contribute significantly to global efforts on climate change. The 11th Five-Year
Plan has reduced energy consumption by 630 Mtce and decreased CO
2
emissions by 1.46 billion tons, which has won widespread international praise.
It also reveals that China is a responsible power.
1.3.5 Intensity Analysis of Carbon Emissions During the 11th
Five-Year Plan
1. Evolution of Energy Structure and Energy Intensity. In the last 30 years, China's
energy structure has changed little, with the structure mainly dependent on coal.
Coal made up 72.2 % of energy consumption in 1980 and 70.4 % in 2009; the
share of oil dropped from 20.7 % in 1980 to 17.9 % in 2009, natural gas rose
from 3.1 % to 3.9 %, and the share of non-fossil energy increased from 4.0 % to
7.8 %.
In contrast to the energy structure, which shows little change, energy intensity
(energy/GDP) decreased dramatically in the past 30 years. It was 3.4 t-standard
coal/10,000RMB, decreased to 1.08 t- standard coal/10,000RMB (Fig.
1.5
).
2. Carbon Emissions and the Changing Intensity of Carbon Emissions
From 1980 to 2009, China's CO
2
emissions rose from 1.51 billion tons to7.36
billion tons, growing by 5.6 % yearly. Table
1.6
shows that the evolution of CO
2
emissions in the last 30 years can be divided into three stages. The first one is
from 1980 to 2000, a period with relatively slow growth of CO
2
emissions; the
second is the period of the 10th Five-Year Plan (2000-2005), with rapid
increase; the third is the period of the 11th Five-Year Plan, with a small fall-
back (Fig.
1.6
).
