Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 6.40
Element length (
left
) and element area (
right
) results from EAF multi-physics model
for PS 4
Fig. 6.41
Temperature distribution (
left
) and maximum temperature versus experimental results
(
right
) for PS 4
the highest temperature. The maximum temperature response from the model shows
good agreement with the experimental result; however, the last three pulses of elec-
trical current produce a greater temperature rise for the experimental result. This is a
result of the actual experimental specimen probably having a larger amount of local-
ized necking at the center of the sample as compared to the prediction of the model.
The maximum thermal error is on the last pulse and is approximately 20 °C.
The force to deform the sample is also provided from the EAF thermo-mechanical
model output. The force is given in Fig.
6.42
, and it is seen that the current applica-
tion is predicted by a decrease in the material force. The increase in force increases as
a function of displacement due to the cross-sectional area of the sample decreasing.
The most valuable output from the model is the accurate prediction of the mate-
rial flow stress. The material flow stress output with no thermal expansion effects
is given by the left plot in Fig.
6.43
.
As shown, the model displays similar results to the output from the mechani-
cal modeling section where the full reduction in stress during current application
is not modeled. However, including the stress reduction from thermal expansion
(right in Fig.
6.43
) allows for a greater prediction of the material flow stress when
