Functional Classes I, Structure and Naming - Organic Chemistry Concepts: An EFL Approach - page 27

Table 2.8 Some Common Phenols
Formula Common Name IUPAC Name M.P. (°C)

Phenol Phenol 41

o -Cresol o -(or 2-) Methylphenol 31

Catechol Benzene-1,2-diol 105

Resorcinol Benzene-1,3-diol 110

Hydroquinone Benzene-1,4-diol 172

Picric acid 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol 122

α -Naphthol Naphthalen-1-ol 96

IUPAC, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

hydrogens which are attached to the nitrogen, with the quaternary example
equivalent to a protonated ammonium ion.

This quaternary amine shows the important role of the lone pair on nitrogen in
the chemistry of the amines. The carbon substituent groups do not need be the
same, but they are all bound to the central nitrogen by single σ-bonds. Note that
alicyclic and aromatic amines are also relatively common.

Table 2.11 reveals that primary amines can be named by substitutive names,
in which the systematic ending -amine replaces the -e of the parent chain. The
carbon, to which the amino group is joined, is numbered. For secondary and
tertiary amines, the name depends on whether the substituents are all same or