Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
another 40 %. The remaining energy is shared among other manufacturing sectors
such as engineering, plastics, electronics, etc.
3.3.2 Transport
More than other sectors road transportation is responsible for energy consumption.
Average values for an industrialized country are as follows: 80-85 % for road
transport, 10-15 % for air, 3-5 % for rail, 1-3 % for water transport.
Differences will be found depending on local conditions.
3.3.3 Residential and Non-residential Buildings
Residential energy consumption in industrialized countries occurs mainly in
heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, which account for roughly 75-80 % if
hot water production is included. Household appliances are responsible for 15-20 %
of the total consumption and cooking for a further 5 %.
Nonresidential energy consumption (offices, shopping centers, hospitals, public
buildings, universities and schools, airports, etc.) occurs mainly in lighting, heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning.
3.3.4 Agriculture
Agriculture accounts for not more than 1-2 % of the final gross consumption with
differences that depend on local conditions.
3.3.5 Energy Industry
Energy industry includes refinery and fuel transportation, utility plants, and electricity
distribution, with differences that depend on local conditions.
3.3.6 Non-energy Uses
Non-energy uses include oils and lubricants, bitumen, components for motor vehicles,
chemical industries, etc.
3.4
An Outline of Industrial Energy Consumption
The outline of industrial energy consumption reported in Table
3.2
is based on data
from international reports and specific energy audits.
