Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
3.3
Energy End Users
Final energy consumption can be analyzed by taking the energy demand in each
sector into account: industry, transport, residential and nonresidential buildings,
agriculture, and non-energy uses. Final consumption is roughly 70 % of the gross
world consumption because of losses mainly in electric power production plants and
in distribution and in other transformations inside energy industries. For a typical
industrialized country the final consumption could be shared among sectors roughly
as follows: 30 % industry, 25 % transport, 28 % residential and nonresidential
buildings, 2 % agriculture, 5 % non-energy uses, and 10 % energy industry.
The electric energy, in TOE, is roughly one third of the total primary energy
consumption.
These balances are shown in Fig.
3.1
.
3.3.1 Industry
Industrial energy consumption concerns mainly a few sectors only. Iron and steel,
nonferrous metals, nonmetallic minerals, and chemicals account for 40 % of
the energy consumed by industry with a tendency to decrease. Four other sectors,
i.e., paper and pulp,
textiles, food processing, and glass are responsible for
Fig. 3.1
Gross and final consumption in a typical industrialized country with a gross consumption
of 160 MTOE and a population of 50 million people
