Explosion Features of Liquid Explosive Materials - Liquid Explosives - page 56

2.3.2 Improving the Work Ability of Explosives

From the theoretical expression of explosion work and extensive research,
increasing the explosion heat helps to improve the working ability/capacity of an
explosive. The study and application results of liquid explosives indicate that the
gas products of liquid explosives are much more than condensed explosives, and
when the speci fixed, the work capacity of liquid explosives increases

following the explosion heat. When the explosion heat increases up 100 J/gm, the
wok capacity raises up 5

c volume is

7 %. The generalized empirical formula is below

-

A %ð TNT equivalent Þ ¼ 51 þ 0 : 05Q v

Addition of hydrazine, urea perchlorate, hydrazine nitrate, or hydrogen peroxide

ð cantly increases the explosion

heat. Besides above chemicals, adding the powders of aluminum, magnesium, or
beryllium also raises the explosion heat of explosives. Increasing the explosion heat
improves the work capacity of explosives.
Increasing the speci

H 2 O 2 Þ into the formula of liquid explosives signi

c volumes also helps to improve the work capacity of
explosives. For example, addition of hydrogen peroxide

in the nitro liquid
explosives, and the effect of dual oxygen (peroxide) raise the speci

ð H 2 O 2 Þ

c volumes of
explosives by big percentages. This makes the work capacity improve and
reachable.
The work capacity of explosives is related with oxygen balance. Improving
oxygen balance of explosive is one way to increase the work capacity. This is
especially important for the preparation of mixed liquid explosives. The explosives
with zero oxygen balance have complete explosion reactions with maximum exo-
thermic heat. Their work capacity is relatively high. For monomer liquid explo-
sives, if the oxygen balance is negative, the work capacity reaches the summit with
oxygen balance at − 10 to − 30 %. For liquid explosives with nitrate ester, nitro
compounds, and nitric acid, or urea perchlorate compositions, especially when the
organic fuels can undergo secondary reactions, the aluminum flakes can react with

the detonation products such as CO 2 and H 2 O, in some case, react with N 2 to form
AlN. The oxygen balance is smaller when there is

fl

fl flake aluminum in liquid

explosives.
Figure 2.20 displays that the relative work capacity of other explosives to TNT.
The work capacity of TNT is set 100 here.
Figure 2.20 shows that the explosives with zero oxygen balance have maximum
work capacity, while negative or positive oxygen explosives have lower work
capacity.