Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
2.3.1.3 Evaluation of Work Ability of Explosives by Other
Methods [
21
,
22
]
(1) The special product of explosives
The special product of explosives is the product of the explosion heat Q
v
and
speci
c volume V
0
. It has two important factors to determine the work ability of
explosives, and has practical signi
cances.
Los Alamos National Laboratory con
rmed the functional relation of work
capacity and mortar energy using the bullet
mortar. The function is in Eq.
2.46
.
-
:
0
31
850
Q
v
V
0
A
m
¼
ð
2
:
46
Þ
Here, A
m
is the mortar energy; Q
v
is the explosion heat; V
0
is the amount of gas
products.
Equation
2.46
clearly shows that the bullet
mortar energy is linearly propor-
-
tional with the product of Q
v
and V
0
.
The explosion heat Q
v
and speci
c volume V
0
are obtained by both experiments
and calculations. In the process of obtaining Q
v
and V
0
,
the exact explosion
chemical reactions should be
first because there are theoretical and empirical
formations. The special product of Q
v
and V
0
to evaluate the work ability of
explosives matches the experiment results. For negative oxygen balance explosives,
there are several different explosion reactions for one explosive. So several different
product values of Q
v
and V
0
would be obtained. The measurement values of
explosion heat of negative oxygen balance explosives are different following the
change in measuring conditions. How to choose explosion reaction equation is very
important in the evaluation of explosive work ability using Q
v
V
0
product. The
released heat from secondary reactions in explosion participates blasting work, and
it is also related with the work ability of explosives. Many experiments show that
the product of maximum explosion heat Q
max
and its corresponding V
m
is better to
express the work capability of explosives. It is that taking H
2
O
þ
CO
2
type
explosion products sets up chemical reaction equation to calculate the maximum
explosion heat Q
max
and the corresponding speci
xed
c volume V
m
.
(2) Power index of work capability/ability of explosives
Power index is based on the study of relationship between explosive molecular
structures and the work power. Power index method refers that the work power of
an explosive is the sum of all composition functions. It puts forward power index
.
The calculation of work capability/ability of an explosive using power index
method is in Eq.
2.47
.
ˀ
A
%
ð
TNT equivalent
Þ
¼
ðp þ
140
Þ %
ð
2
:
47
Þ
is the power index; n is the number of atoms in an explosive molecule;
f is the number of characteristic groups; x is the eigenvalue of one characteristic
group.
Here,
ˀ
