Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 7.34 Properties of explosive mixtures composed of nitric acid and combustible substances
Component
Combustible
substance
content (%)
Heat of
reaction
(J/g)
Density
(g/cm
3
)
Burning
pressure
(atm)
Flashing
point
(
Speci
c
impulse
(s)
°
C)
Nitric acid
Hydrazine
38.5
-
1.28
21
-
243
Nitric acid
Furyl alcohol
34.5
1.37
21
2,620
214
-
Nitric acid
Aniline 26.6
6024.96
21
2,760
218
-
Nitric acid
NO
2
39, ani-
line 1
6422.44
1.45
20
2,707
225
20.5 % acetonitrile, the blasting heat is 6987.28 kJ/L, speci
c volume is 708.0 mL/
g, detonation temperature is 4,200 K, and lead block expansion value is 450 cm
3
;
the mixture of 22.0 % DME, 77.0 % nitric acid, and 1.0 % H
2
O; for the mixture of
24.4 % nitrobenzene, 62.6 % nitric acid, and 13.0 % H
2
O, the detonation velocity is
6,430 m/s in a 40 mm diameter glass tube.
In addition, nitric acid can also be combined with combustible substances to
produce novel liquid explosives, and their composition and properties were sum-
marized in Table
7.34
.
7.3.2 Liquid Explosives Based on Nitrogen Dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide exists as N
2
O
4
dimers at low temperature but monomers at high
temperature. The boiling point of nitrogen dioxide is 21
°
C, with a relatively high
C is 1.49 g/cm
3
. The properties of
nitrogen dioxide are fairly similar to concentrated nitric acid, even though the
former is easier to decompose and evaporate, making it more dif
freezing point of
10.2
°
C. Its density at 0
°
−
cult to use.
Nitrogen dioxide can be used in the liquid explosives containing aliphatic
hydrocarbons (excluding aromatic compounds), carbon disul
de, nitrobenzene, and
other combustible substances. To prevent the solidi
cation of nitrobenzene at low
temperature,
flammable substances has been
attempted, for instance, combing nitrobenzene with carbon disul
the concept of
two-component
fl
de. The explosion
properties of such liquid mixtures have been studied and found to be close to
nitroglycerine, exhibiting high impact sensitivity [
53
]. For this reason, French
researchers adopted a bomb design suitable to two-component liquid explosives
while using nitrogen dioxide as warhead
fillings. In other words, the
fl
flammable
agent and oxidant of explosive are
first placed in two chambers separated by a
partition, which can be opened after the bomb is dropped to allow these agents to be
mixed. Via this approach, the direct handling and transporting of explosive mixture
has been avoided, which would ensure the safe and reliable use of such bombs.
The explosive mixture composed of 79NO
2
/21 gasoline has a detonation
velocity of 7,100 m/s. The detonation velocity of 64.5NO
2
/35.5 is 7,650 m/s.
