Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 5.33
Solubility of nitroglycerine in the mixed acid of nitric acid and sulphuric acid (%)
Compound
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
HNO
3
10
10
10
15
15
15
H
2
SO
4
70
75
80
80
75
75
H
2
O
20
15
10
5
10
15
Solubility (g/100 g mixed acid)
6.00
3.55
3.33
4.37
2.60
2.36
Table 5.34
Composition of the eutectic formed from nitroglycerine and aromatic compounds
Compounds
Stable form
Unstable form
Fraction (%)
M.P. (
°
C)
Fraction (%)
M.P. (
°
C)
Nitrobenzene
45.5
−
15.2
57.5
−
22.9
Meta-dinitrobenzene
82.5
5.0
88.0
−
5.4
2,4-dinitrotoluene
72.7
6.1
89.0
−
4.1
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene
82.9
6.3
90.0
−
4.0
Tetryl
90.0
9.8
94.0
−
0.6
RDX
99.5
12.3
99.7
1.2
~
−
40
Nitroglycol
~20
~40
~40
Pentaerythrite tetranitrate
98.5
12.3
98.9
1.3
Alkyl phenyl urea
90.0
9.6
93.0
−
0.8
Phthalide
76.5
0.8
8.10
−
8.2
Methyl centralite
96.5
10.6
98.0
0.8
Diphenylamine
93.0
9.8
96.0
−
0.4
HMX
99.4
11.8
99.8
6.2
CL-20
98.6
13.6
99.3
5.4
The composition of the prepared eutectic with a low melting point is shown in
Table
5.34
.
Nitroglycerine is able to dissolve cellulose nitrate with low nitrogen content. The
consistency of the obtained solution is related to the viscosity and percentage of
cellulose nitrate in nitroglycerine. The mechanical property of propellant is mainly
related to the content of cellulose nitrate.
The stability of nitroglycerine is related to the trace impurity in the nitration
process and the reaction temperature [x, 33], especially the impurities of trace
metals and alkali metals in the processes of nitration and water-washing. Nitro-
glycerine obtained at relatively high temperature, before stability treatment in the
common approach of washing by water and sodium carbonate solution, contains
little residue acids. The relationship between nitration temperature and stability is
shown in Table
5.35
.
Nitroglycerine will be boiling at 180
C and decomposed to release nitrogen
oxide and water vapor. There are diluted nitric acid and a small amount of nitro-
glycerine in distillate. The boiling point of nitroglycerine is 180
°
°
C at 50 mmHg
