Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
carbon disul
de, and slightly soluble in gasoline, crude oil, kerosene, liquid par-
af
num liquidum. The solubility is increased with
increasing the solution temperature. It can be mutually soluble in plant oils. The
solubility of nitroglycerine in solvents is summarized in Table
5.31
.
Nitroglycerine is slightly soluble in the aqueous solutions of ammonium, sodium
hydroxide, or potassium hydroxide. It is easily soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid
and mutually soluble in anhydrous nitric acid. The solubility of nitroglycerine in the
mixed acid with H
2
SO
4
:H
2
O of 5.8 and H
2
SO
4
:HNO
3
of 10.4 is listed in Table
5.32
.
The solubility of nitroglycerine in a mixed acid with a similar composition of the
mixture M
3
is shown in Table
5.33
. The part of nitroglycerine in the waste acid is
easily hydrolyzed. In general, nitroglycerine in not soluble in concentrated hydro-
chloric acid. At elevated temperatures, it would be gradually decomposed and
hydrolyzed to dark yellow nitrosyl chloride.
The freezing point of nitroglycerine can be signi
n,
lubricant oil, and paraf
cantly lowered by adding
glycerine dinitrate or other dinitrate esters, such as glycol dinitrate. It is a necessary
step to prepare various liquid explosives and liquid or gel mining explosives.
Nitroglycerine is compatible with nitro compounds and is able to effectively
improve the energy. A liquid explosive with high energy and low sensitivity can be
obtained by adding nitroglycerine to nitro glycol, chlorohydrins dinitrate, and
diglycerine tetranitrate, and then mixing with pentaerythrite tetranitrate and RDX.
Table 5.31
A summary of the solubility of nitroglycerine in fatty hydrocarbon
Solvents
Temperature (
°
C)
Solubility (g/100 g solvent)
Crude oil
20
~1.5
80
~6.0
Gasoline
20
~2
80
~6
Refining oil
20
~4
80
~9
Olive oil
20
20
100
25
Castor oil
20
26
100
30
Table 5.32
The solubility of nitroglycerine in the mixed acid of nitric acid and sulphuric acid
Code of the mixed acid
Fraction %
Solubility of nitroglycerine (%)
HNO
3
H
2
SO
4
H
2
O
M
1
24
50
26
13.5
M
2
38
20
42
1.6
M
3
13
75
12
2.5
