Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
nonhygroscopic with a small solubility in water (2.3 g in 1 L water at 15
°
C). It is
easily soluble in most of organic solvents but carbon disul
de and gasoline.
Chloroglycerine dinitrate can mix with nitroglycerine by any ratios. The formed
mixture has a low freezing point. The mixture of 75 % nitroglycerine and 25 %
chloroglycerine dinitrate is usually used in nonfreezing solution. At room tem-
perature, collodion is dif
cult
to be dissolved into chloroglycerine dinitrate.
However, at 40
C, it can be dissolved quickly. After cooled down, chloroglycerine
dinitrate can be separated out from the
°
The mixture of chloroglycerine
dinitrate and nitroglycerine can dissolve cellulose nitrate easily. The viscosity of
chloroglycerine dinitrate is low, about 1.55 times to the value of water. Its chemical
stability is higher than nitroglycerine with the duration time of 30 min at 72
“
gelatin.
”
°
Cin
Abel test. It would not be decomposed at 75
°
C for 10
12 days and a trace would be
-
decomposed in a tube at 170
°
C to release nitrogen oxide. At 180
°
C, it would be
completely decomposed without an explosion. At 190
°
C, a weak explosion would
happen based on the following reaction:
C
3
H
5
Cl ONO
2
ð
Þ
2
!
CO
2
þ
2CO
þ
2H
2
O
þ
HCl
þ
N
2
þ
4,184 J
=
g
If there is enough oxygen, the following reaction would have happened:
C
3
H
5
Cl ONO
2
ð
Þ
2
!
2CO
2
þ
CO
þ
H
2
O
þ
H
2
þ
HCl
þ
N
2
þ
4,393 J
=
g
Chloroglycerine dinitrate is dif
cult to be ignited and further exploded. It can be
calmly burnt even staying in
fire in an open container. Its shock sensitivity is lower
than nitroglycerine and glycerine dinitrate [
17
]. The characteristic height is about
10
20 cm for 2 kg falling weight.
The lead-block value with water
-
filling of chloroglycerine dinitrate detonated by
#8 detonator is 475 cm, while the value is 380 cm by using #1 detonator and
440 cm by using blasting gelatin (42 % chloroglycerine dinitrate). Its explosion
strength is about 80 % of nitroglycerine. As a component of explosives, chloro-
glycerine dinitrate in explosion process would produce hydrogen chloride gas,
which will cause pollution to environment. Thus, it is not suitable for the explosion
work in the under pit operation.
(2) Preparation of chloroglycerine dinitrate [
3
]
The equipment and method to prepare chloroglycerine dinitrate are similar with
that of nitroglycerine. Chloroglycerine is nitrated by the mixed acid of nitric acid
and sulfuric acid to prepare chloroglycerine dinitrate. The reaction heat is less than
that process of preparing nitroglycerine. The viscosity of chloroglycerine dinitrate is
lower than nitroglycerine. The time needed in preparation process is shorter than
that for nitroglycerine. The nitration coef
cient is generally larger than 4.5. The
composition of the mixed acid is listed in Table
5.25
.
172.5 kg chloroglycerine dinitrate with two isomers can be obtained by nitrating
100 kg chloroglycerine at 8
12
°
C after water washing and stability treatment. The
-
yield is 93.35 %.
