Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
1,3-butanediol dinitrate is an oily volatile liquid with excellent chemical sta-
bility. It has a freezing point of
C, a density of 1.32, and a lead-block value of
460 cm. Its explosion strength is about 75 % of nitroglycerine. It is a good solvent
for collodion.
The conversion of 1,3-butanediol to 1,3-butanediol dinitrate is high. 100 kg 1,3-
butanediol can be nitrated to produce 187 kg 1,3-butanediol dinitrate with yield of
93.7 %. In the writer
−
20
°
'
s study, 100 kg raw material of 1,3-butanediol was directly
nitrated. 2
5 % ammonium nitrate was added in the process. The nitration tem-
perature is 17
-
C. The product was successively treated by separation, water-
washing, and stability. 197 kg
°
final product of 1,3-butanediol dinitrate was obtained
with a yield of 96.71 %.
5.3.5.5 Property and Preparation of Dimethylol Nitroethane
Dinitrate [
82
]
Molecular formula: C
4
H
7
O
9
N
4
Chemical structure:
CH
3
O
2
NC
CH
2
ONO
2
CH
2
ONO
2
Molecular weight: 255.10
Oxygen balance: 15.68 % (CO
2
-based)
Nitrogen content: 21.96 %
Dimethylol nitroethane dinitrate (2-nitro-2-methylpropanediol-1,3-dinitrate) is a
solid with a melting point of 38
°
C, low volatility, and easy solubility of cellulose
nitrate.
Its explosion strength is slightly weaker than nitroglycerine and slightly stronger
than cyclotrimethylene trinitramine. The explosion heat is about 5,230 J/g. Its shock
sensitivity is signi
cantly lower than nitroglycerine and slightly higher than tetryl,
equals to cyclotrimethylene trinitramine.
5.3.5.6 Property and Preparation of Dimethylol Nitropropane Dinitrate
Molecular formula: C
5
H
9
O
8
N
3
Chemical structure:
C
2
H
5
O
2
NC
CH
2
ONO
2
CH
2
ONO
2
Molecular weight: 239.13
Oxygen balance: 36.8 % (CO
2
-based)
Nitrogen content: 17.57 %
