Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
blasting gelatin prepared by 1,3-propanediol dinitrate has a lead-block value of
470 cm, equal to 80 % of nitroglycerine blasting gelatin.
The nitration temperature of 1,3-propanediol should be controlled in the range of
0
C. Under the appropriate condition, the conversion of 1,3-propanediol to 1,3-
propanediol dinitrate is up to 96 %. The writer achieved 210.3 kg 1,3-propanediol
dinitrate by 100 kg raw material of 1,3-propanediol.
10
°
-
5.3.5.3 Property and Preparation of 1,2-Propanediol Dinitrate [
81
]
1,2-propanediol dinitrate, also called methyl glycol dinitrate, is an important dibasic
nitrate ester. It has been widely used in liquid propellants, liquid explosives, and
explosive mixtures with urea perchlorate or hydrazine.
Molecular formula: C
3
H
6
N
2
O
6
Chemical structure:
CH
3
CHONO
2
CH
2
ONO
2
Molecular weight: 166.09
Oxygen balance:
28.9 % (CO
2
-based)
Nitrogen content: 16.87 %
1,2-propanediol dinitrate is an oily liquid with a boiling point of 92
−
°
C
(10 mmHg), a melting point of
C). It has strong
volatility. The explosion heat is 4,644 J/g (water vapor) and the lead-block value
with water
−
20
°
C, and a density of 1.368 (20
°
filling is 540 cm.
In previous reports [
4
], the composition of the mixed acid for the nitration of 1,2-
propanediol at 20
C is 40 % HNO
3
and 60 % H
2
SO
4
. 100 units of 1,2-propanediol
can be nitrated to produce 187 units of 1,2-propanediol dinitrate, that is, the the-
oretical yield is 86 %.
The mixed acid with composition of 47.5 % HNO
3
, 45.5 % H
2
SO
4
, and 7 %
H
2
O was also used to nitrate 1,2-propanediol at 10
°
C. If HNO
3
was excessive by
10 %, the theoretical yield of 1,2-propanediol dinitrate is 91
°
93 %.
-
5.3.5.4 Property and Preparation of 1,3-Butanediol Dinitrate
Molecular formula: C
4
H
8
O
6
N
2
Chemical structure:
CH
2
O
NO
2
CH
3
CH
ONO
2
CH
2
Molecular weight: 180.12
Oxygen balance:
53.2 % (CO
2
-based)
Nitrogen content: 15.55 %
−
