Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
In the presence of palladium or platinum, nitric acid would react with hydrazine
to produce hexyl alcohol, nitrous oxide, and nitrogen.
2C
6
H
13
ONO
2
þ
2N
2
H
4
!
2C
6
H
13
OH
þ
N
2
O
þ
3H
2
O
þ
2N
2
If hydrazine is substituted by methyl hydrazine, hexyl nitrate would be converted
to hexyl alcohol, but rather hexyl methyl ether.
In the products of the reaction between alkyl nitrate and hydrazine, the com-
pounds, including nitric ions, nitrous ions, alcohols, alkyl hydrazine, nitrogen
oxide, ammonium, and trace aldehyde, can be detected. If the reaction runs in
solvent-free or excess hydrazine solvent, a reduction reaction would be happened
[
38
].
In the hydrolysis process of
-chloro ethyl nitrate, 1,3-dichloro-2-propyl nitrate,
nitroglycerine, or glycol dinitrate, the gas products are released more violently than
the hydrolysis reaction of nonsubstituted aliphatic nitrate.
In the reaction of nitrate esters and hydrazine or its derivatives, such as methyl
hydrazine and ethyl nitrate, the products are methane and nitrogen, rather than
ethane. It indicates that methyl diamide is the intermediate product.
ʲ
CH
3
HNNH
2
þ
C
2
H
5
ONO
2
!
CH
3
N
¼
NH
þ
C
2
H
5
OH
þ
HNO
2
CH
3
N
¼
NH
!
CH
4
þ
N
2
The concentration of nitrous acid product is gradually decreased by the reduction
of hydrazine.
HNO
2
þ
N
2
H
4
!
NH
3
þ
N
2
O
þ
H
2
O
HNO
2
þ
N
2
H
4
!
NH
3
þ
2H
2
O
HNO
2
þ
HN
3
!
þ
N
2
N
2
O
H
2
O
A series of products, including C
6
H
5
CH
2
HNNH
2
,(C
6
H
5
CH
2
)
2
NNH
2
,(C
6
H
5
CH
2
)
2
NNHCH
2
C
6
H
5
, and (C
6
H
5
CH
2
)
2
NN(CH
2
C
6
H
5
)
2
, can be obtained in the
reaction between benzyl nitrate and hydrazine. If benzyl hydrazine is used, benzal
dibenzyl hydrazine, (C
6
H
5
CH
2
)
2
N
N=CHC
6
H
5
, is produced.
Tribenzyl hydrazine is likely to be oxidized in air. In the presence of hydrazine,
the C
-
O bonds of tert-butyl nitrate would be broken only to produce isobutene and
hydrazine nitrate. Isopropyl nitrate is hydrolyzed in basic condition to produce
70
-
14 % acetone. The hydrolysis
process can be expressed as the following equation.
-
80 % isopropanol, 11
-
14 % propylene, and 8
-
