Glossary - Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics in the Human Respiratory System - page 344

Hypertension High blood pressure

Hypertrophy Enlargment of an organ ort issue caused by an increase in the

size of its cells

Hyperventilation Increased depth and rate of breathing

Hypocapnia Low carbon dioxide levels in the blood

Hypodermis Is the lowermost layer of the subcutaneous tissue (under the

skin)

Hypotension Low blood pressure

Hypoventilation Decreased depth and rate of breathing

Hypoxia When the body lacks oxygen

Hypoxia Deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues

In vitro Process that takes place in a test tube or artificial environment

In vivo Taking place in a living organism

Inferior vena cava Vein that returns blood from body areas below the diaphragm

Inflammation Localised region which becomes swollen, reddened, and

painful as a defensive response to tissue injury

Innervation The supply of nerves to parts of the body

Integumentary The outer protective skin layer and its parts

system
Internal respiration The gas exchange process that occurs between blood and

tissues

Interstitial fluid Fluid between cells

Ipsilateral On the same side as another structure e.g. the left arm is

ipsilateral to the left leg

Lacrimal Relating to the secretion of tears

Lamina A thin layer or flat plate

Lateral Towards or from one side to another

Leukocytes White blood cell: a colourless cell which circulates in the

blood and body and is involved in conteracting diseases and
foreign substances

Ligament A short band of flexible, fibrous tissue that connects bones

Lipid Any class of fatty acids or their derivatives

Lumbar Part of the back between the thorax and the pelvis

Lumen Cavity inside a tube, blood vessel or any hollow structure

Lung compliance Is a measure of the elastic properties of the lung and is a

reflection of lung distensibility (movement)

Lung parenchyma The bulk substances of the lung including the lung tissue,

bronchioles, and bronchi

Lymph Colourless fluid containing white blood cells

Macrophage A large phagocytic cell commonly found in tissues that

phagocytizes cells in response to infection

Malignant Uncontrolled growth, tending to invade normal tissue

Mastication Chewing

Meatus An external opening or passageway that leads to the interior

of a body