Glossary - Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics in the Human Respiratory System - page 343

Dorsal From the Latin word 'dorsum' meaning back

Dorsoventral The axis or direction that runs from the spinal column (back)

to the belly (front)

Dyspnea Shortness of breath or air hunger, is the subjective symptom

of breathlessness

Edema abnormal build up of fluid in body pars or tissue that leads

to swelling

Emphysema A long-term, progressive disease of the lungs that primarily

causes shortness of breath caused by the supporting tissues
being destroyed

Enzyme A protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up a

chemical reaction

Epidermis The surface layer of the skin, made up of keratinezed

stratified squamous epithelium

Epiglottis A flap of artilage behind the root of the tongue which is

depressed during swallowing to cover the opening of the
larynx

Epithelium Thin tissue forming the outer layer of the body's surface,

lining the cavities and surfaces of structures throughout the
body

Erythrocytes Red blood cells

Esophagus A muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx

to the stomach

Eupnea Normal respiratory rate and rhythm

Eustachian tube Auditory tube

Excretion Process where substances are spearated or expelled as waste

Fibrocartilage A type of cartilage that is highly compressible

Fossa A shallow depression or hollow

Gland Body organ that secretes or excretes substnces for use by the

body

Glottis The part of the larynx that consists of the vocal cords and the

slit-like opening between them

Goblet cells Individual cells that produce mucous

Gustation The action of tasting

Haemoglobin See hemoglobin

Hemoglboin A protein containing iron, responsible for transporting

oxygen in the blood

Histology The study of microscopic structure of tissues

Hyaline cartilage The most abundant cartilage in the body that provides support

Hydrophilic Dissoves, mixes, or is wetted easily with water

Hydrophobic Unable to mix or repels with water

Hydrostatic pressure Pressure of fluid in a system

Hypercapnia High carbon dioxide levels in blood

Hypernea Increased breathing when required to meet metabolic de-

mand of body tissues, such as during or following exercise,
or when the body lacks oxygen