Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Collapses by building type
A
Fatalities by building type
A
36.5%
30.3%
DS
C3
DS
11.3%
6.3%
C3
7.6%
5.4%
W2, S1
C2L, C4
PC2, UCB
6.3%
9.0%
W2, S1
C2L, C4
PC2, UCB
41.5%
45.9%
UFB
UFB
Key:
A: Adobe, DS: Dressed stone masonry, UFB: Unreinforced fired brick masonry,
C3: Nonductile reinforced concrete moment frame with infill, W2: Heavy wood frame,
S1: Steel moment resisting frame, C2L: Low rise reinforced concrete shear wall,
C4: Nonductile reinforced concrete frame without infill at one or more story,
PC2: Precast concrete frame with shear wall, UCB: Unreinforced concrete block masonry.
31.6
Estimated collapse (left) and fatality (right) distribution according
to PAGER-STR building typologies produced by the semi-empirical
model following the
M
w
7.1 Van, Turkey, earthquake on October 23,
2011.
concrete frame constructions. The earthquake resulted in 604 fatalities,
4152 injuries and at least 33,016 buildings that sustained serious damage or
collapsed (http://www.eeri.org/wp-content/uploads/Van_Turkey_eq-report.
pdf).
Early reports indicated that most fatalities were caused due to the col-
lapse of nonductile concrete frame and bearing wall construction as pre-
dicted by the semi-empirical model. In order to present the building types
that are at risk in a hierarchical order, for each earthquake and for each
country, the PAGER team will need to further improve the PAGER build-
ing inventory and vulnerability models for those structures. At present, such
tools can help in creating awareness about potentially vulnerable buildings
in a given area. These tools can potentially also help for planning mitigation
exercises, and in aiding emergency response decision-making, including
assessment of rescue equipment likely to be required by Urban Search and
Rescue (USAR) teams within certain geographic areas.
31.8 Conclusions
Earthquakes have highly variable effects on society; the complex and vari-
able nature of the effects can be attributed to a number of contributing
factors, primarily the highly variable nature of the hazard distribution (pre-
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