Civil Engineering Reference
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this possibility, many planners advocate redundancy. Changes in resource-
fulness and redundancy will affect the shape and the slope of the recovery
curve and thus the recovery time
T
RE
. It also affects
rapidity
and
robustness
.
It is through redundancy and resourcefulness (as means of resilience) that
rapidity and robustness (the goals of resilience) of an entire system can be
improved. Further details about the description of these attributes can be
found in Cimellaro
et al.
(2010b).
PEOPLES incorporates MCEER's defi nitions of service functionality,
and its components (assets, services, demographics) and parameters infl u-
encing their integrity and resilience.
The seven dimensions of the RBD are the following:
1.
P
opulation and demographics;
2.
E
nvironment/ecosystem;
3.
O
rganized government services;
4.
P
hysical infrastructure;
5.
L
ifestyle and community competence;
6.
E
conomic development;
7.
S
ocial-cultural capital.
Table 11.1 shows the complete list of components and sub-components of
the 'PEOPLES framework'.
The fi rst dimension
Population and demographics
is used to describe and
differentiate communities using, for example, the median income and age
distribution which might be critical for understanding its economic, health
and potential resilience. One measure of functionality of population and
demographics (
Q
p
) within a given community can be quantifi ed by using
the social vulnerability index (SoVI) proposed by Cutter (1996). Social
vulnerability (a counterpart of social resilience) is defi ned as the inability
of people, organizations and societies to withstand adverse impacts from
multiple stressors to which they are exposed.
The
Environmental/ecosystem
dimension is typically measured by the
amount of disturbance an ecosystem can absorb without drastically altering
its functions, processes and structures, or by the ability of an ecosystem to
cope with disturbance. The
Organized governmental services
dimension
includes traditional legal and security services such as police, emergency,
fi re departments and, increasingly, the military. In this dimension, are also
included the services provided by public health and hygiene departments
as well as cultural heritage departments. Each of these organized govern-
ment services plays a key role in sustaining communities both before and
after extreme events.
The
Physical infrastructure dimension
focuses on a community's built
environment. It incorporates both facilities and lifelines and different
performance indicators.
Community competence dimension
deals with
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