Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
600
5
500
0
3
6
9 12 15 18
units of wealth possessed
21
24
27
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60
100
50
40
20
40
60
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100
time
120
140
160
180
30
20
600
10
500
0
400
11
22
33 44 55 66
units of wealth possessed
77
88
99
110
300
time
200
80
100
70
60
50
100
150
200
250
time
300
350
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450
50
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1500
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0
1000
20
40
60 80 100 120
units of wealth possessed
140 160 180 200
500
140
120
500
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600
650
700
time
(c)
750
800
850
900
100
80
60
40
20
0
27
54
81 108 135 162
units of wealth possessed
(b)
189 216 243 270
Figure 18.3
(
Continued
)
such adaptations in traditional population models.
Another emergent property is the unequal distribution
of the wealth of individuals, even if they start off with
a relatively uniform initial amount (Figure 18.3b). More
complicated Sugarscape rules were also developed by
Epstein and Axtell (1996) to account for the processes
of sexual reproduction (and genetic attributes), group
affiliations, pollution, warfare, trade (of a second
commodity - spice) and disease (with the possibility of
overcoming it and transmitting immunity). Again, it
was possible to generate relatively complex patterns of
emergent behaviour from relatively simple rules. For
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