Malaria and Water Resource Development - Recent Advances and Issues in Environmental Science - page 165

Figure 1. Prevalence rates for P. vivax in “at-risk” (squares) and “control” villages (circles) and for P.
falciparum in “at-risk” (x-signs) and “control” villages (+-signs).
In general, signifi cantly higher malaria prevalence was observed in children liv-
ing within 3 km from the reservoir than those living farther away (OR = 1.81, 95%
CI = 1.17, 2.79 for P. vivax and OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.01, 6.57 for P. falciparum )
(Table 1). P. vivax prevalence rates differed signifi cantly between “at-risk” and
“control” communities among children 1-4 years of age (OR = 1.81, 95% CI =
1.21, 2.71) and P. falciparum prevalence rates differed signifi cantly between “at
risk” and “control” communities among 5-9 years of age (OR = 17.4, 95% CI =
1.22, 249.24).
Moreover, in a multivariate analysis controlling for age, sex, and time of data
collection, it appeared that children who resided in “at-risk” villages close to the dam
were more likely to have a P. vivax infection than children who resided in “control”
villages (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.15, 2.32) (Table 2). The results in Table 2 further
indicate a P. vivax infection difference between boys and girls, however this was
not signifi cant at the 0.05 level (p = 0.054). The multivariate analysis indicated that,
while controlling for age, sex, and time of data collection, children who resided in
“at-risk” villages close to the dam had a higher OR to have P. falciparum infection
than children who resided in “control” villages but this was not signifi cant at the 0.05
level (OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 0.84, 6.88). Finally, while controlling for age, sex, and
time of data collection, children who resided in “at-risk” villages close to the dam
were at a higher risk to have a Plasmodium infection ( P. falciparum and P. vivax
combined) than children who resided in “control” villages (OR = 1.97, 95% CI =
1.24, 3.12) (Table 2).