Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
clay mixture
A mixture of
clay
,
temper
, and water of a suitable consistency to be
shaped into objects.
clay paste
See
ceramic body
.
cleavage
The property of
crystals
to easily split at particular planes of weakness
within the
crystal lattice
.
closed system
A
material
system that can exchange
energy
but not
matter
across its
boundaries.
cloth
A two-dimensional, planar structured
textile material
, made up of interwoven
yarn
.
cloth, grass
See
grass cloth
.
coal
A
carbonaceous sedimentary rock
formed by the decomposition and compaction
of vegetable matter.
cochineal
A natural red
dye
derived from the dried dead bodies of
Coccus cacti
insects.
code, genetic
See
genetic code
.
coefficient of thermal expansion
See
thermal expansion coefficient
.
coinage metals
See
metal
,
coinage
.
coir
The
hard fibers
derived from the outer husk of the coconut used for making
cordage
.
cold working
The structural deformation of a piece of
metal
or
alloy
, such as
bending, piercing, and forging, carried out at a temperature below that at
which the metal or alloy
crystallizes
; cold working brings about the hardening
and strengthening of metals, properties that can be eliminated by subsequent
annealing
.
collagen
A linear
protein
, a main component of
bone
, cartilage,
skin
, and ligaments
in the body of vertebrate animals.
colloid
A mixture of finely divided solid particles dispersed in a liquid, usually
water.
color
(1) The visual sensation by which the eye distinguishes between differences
in the
spectral
distribution of
light
; (2) one of the constituents into which
visible
light
can be separated; (3) a
substance
, such as a
pigment
or a
dye
, used for color-
ing others.
color, additive
A
color
created by the mixture of two or more colored beams of
light
,
that is, light of different
wavelengths
.
color, complementary
See
complementary colors
.
colorant
A substance, either a
dye
or a
pigment
, that endows
color
to other
material
s;
also known as
coloring matter
.
colorimeter
An instrument for measuring
color
in a numerical scale.
colorimetry
The science that deals with the definition and measurement of unde-
fined colors in terms of standard colors by either visual or instrumental methods,
such as
photoelectric
or
spectrophotometric
techniques.
