Multianion analysis, miscellaneous methods - Determination of Anions in Natural and Treated Waters - page 729

3 38.9 42.5 13.3 11.3 20.6 33.2

4 57.6 56.9 13.3 9.0 26.3 39.2

5 50.9 54.4 12.4 10.3 22.2 35.5

6 43.7 55.2 13.3 9.4 22.8 34.6

a The procedure described in [51]
b For details, see [52]
c Mercurimetric determination [52]
The relative standard deviations for ITP determinations were better than 2% whereas for the
classical methods they varied within the range 2-15%.
Source: Reproduced with permission from Elsevier Science [47]

Table 14.4 Determination of inorganic anionic micro constituents present in river water

Nitrite (mg L −1 ) Phosphate (mg L −1 )

Fluoride by ITP
(mg/L) c mg L −1

Sample No. a

ITP Spectro-photometry d

ITP Spectro-photometryb

1 0.25 0.13 0.17 0.61 0.55

2 0.29 0.13 0.18 0.56 0.5 1

3 0.33 0.11 0.18 0.49 0.44

4 0.33 0.16 0.14 0.23 0.16

5 0.33 0.16 0.13 0.27 0.22

6 0.22 0.13 0.10 0.34 0.27

a Samples as in Table 14.3
b The procedure described in [51]
c Not determined by a classical method as only a very labour-consuming distillation method [51]
was available
d For details see [52]
The relative standard deviations for both ITP and classical were typically 5% or less
Source: Reproduced with permission from Elsevier Science [47]

Kaniansky et al. [53] have also reported on a method for the determination of nitrate,
sulphate, nitrite, fluoride and phosphate by capillary zone electrophoresis coupled with
capillary isotachoelectrophoresis in the column coupling configuration. Such
distributions of these anions are typical for many environmental matrices, and it is shown
that capillary isotachophoresis-capillary zone electrophoresis tandem enables the
capillary isotachoelectrophoresis determination of the macroconstituents, while capillary
isotachophoresis-preconcentrated microconstituents cleaned up from the
macroconstituents can be determined by capillary zone electrophoresis with a
conductivity detector. This approach was effective when the concentration ratio of
macro-microconstituents was less than (2-3)×10 4 . The limits of detection achieved for